NYU HAP- week 10- Musculoskeletal and Neurological systems Exam 2023

Central nervous sytem - Answer- brain and spinal cord peripheral nervous system - Answer- cranial and spinal nerves difference between sensory and motor neurons - Answer- sensory neurons conduct impulses from receptors to CNS while motor neurons conduct impulses from CNS to effector sites 2 components of the autonomic nervous syste - Answer- 1. sympathetic nervous system 2. parasympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system - Answer- mobilizes body systems during activity somatic nervous system - Answer- conducts impulses from the CNS to the skeletal system parasympathetic nervous system - Answer- conserves energy and promotes housekeeping functions during rest Elements of health history for musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. history of arthritis, back pain, osteoporosis, gout, disk disease, joint pain, surgery on bones or joints? 2. do you lift or turn a lot at home or work? 3. limitations in walking or activities of daily living 5. use of mobility aids? 6. accidents, trauma? 7. exercise or sport? review of musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. joint: pain, stiffness, swelling, impaired joint mobility, sounds heard when joint moves, deformity 2. back: pain (location, radiation to extremities), stiffness, limitation of motion 3. muscles: pain, cramps, weakness, problem with coordinated activities, gait problems considerations for older adults' musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. any change in weakness recently? 2. history of falls? 3. use of mobility aids? order of objective assessment for the musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. inspection 2. palpation 3. range of motion 4. muscular strength elements of inspection in objective assessment of musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. size and contour of joints 2. color and swelling 3. masses and deformities 4. observe spine for lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis elements of palpation in objective assessment of musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. heat and tenderness 2. swelling and masses elements of range of motions tests in objective assessment of musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. active/ passive 2. crepitation indications for grade 0 muscular strength - Answer- no evidence of contractility indications for grade 1 muscular strength - Answer- slight evidence of contractility indications for grade 2 muscular strength - Answer- range of motion eliminating gravity (assisted) indications for grade 3 muscular strength - Answer- range of motion with gravity indications for grade 4 muscular strength - Answer- range of motion with gravity and some resistance indications for grade 5 muscular strength - Answer- range of motion against gravity and full resistance pronated hand - Answer- palm down supinated hand - Answer- palm up eversion - Answer- medial rotation away from body inversion - Answer- medial rotation towards body abduction - Answer- moving limb away from the body adduction - Answer- moving limb towards the body protraction - Answer- reaching chin away from neck retraction - Answer- bringing chin towards neck circumduction - Answer- full 360 degree movement (swinging arm around) ROM for knees - Answer- hyperextension and flexion ROM for shoulers - Answer- 1. flexion and hyperextension 2. abduction and adduction 3. internal and external rotation ROM for hips - Answer- 1. flexion 2. hyper extension 3. abduction and adduction 4. internal and external rotation ROM for spine - Answer- 1. lateral bending 2. flexion, extension and hyperextension 3. rotation different strength tests - Answer- 1. pronator drift (close eyes and extend arms. If weakness if present, arm will drift to pronated position.) 2. dorsiflexion and plantar flexion resistance 3. squeeze finger test 4. hip lift resistance test abnormal findings from the objective assessment of musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. tenderness or pain 2. swelling 3. masses or deformities 4. limited ROM 5. Painful ROM 6. crepitation 7. enlargement 8. pallor 9. weakness management of musculosketetal disorders - Answer- 1. pain medications 2. muscle relaxants 3. benzodiazepines 4. steroids 5. heat 6. massage 7. elevation 8. stretch/exercise health promotion- safe habits for musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. safe work habits (reduce excessive twisting, bending etc..) 2. safe sports and leisure activities 3. use protective gear: helmets, seat belts, car seats health promotion- lifestyle changes musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. yoga 2. tai chi 3. feldenkrais 4. pilates 5. cross training 6. enjoyable meals 7. hydration 8. calcium, vitamin D, protein intake screenings for musculoskeletal system - Answer- osteoporosis screenings nursing diagnoses for musculoskeletal system - Answer- 1. impaired physical mobility 2. impaired bed mobility 3. impaired wheel chair mobility 4. impaired walking 5. self care deficit 6. chronic/acute pain 7. disturbed body image 8. risk for falls/ risk for injury ROM for feet and ankle - Answer- eversion and inversion/ dorsiflexion and plantar flexion Neurological Health history - Answer- 1. heenot 2. history of seizures, stroke, fainting, blackouts, meningitis, alcoholism, myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, meantal healthy dysfunction 3. history of head injury 4. medication for seizures, depression, anxiety 5. Surgery on brain, spinal cord, nerves