(LATEST UPDATE) PED3701 Assignment 4 (COMPLETE ANSWERS) 2023

QUESTION 1 1.1 In what way does the African perspective on human development differ from Erikson’s psychosocial theory? (4) 1.2 How does spirituality and belief in the invisible world influence socialisation and identity formation in African societies? (4) 1.3 According to collectivism, a person is a person through others (Nwoye, 2017). What does this imply with regard to personality development? (5) 1.4 A characteristic of adolescent peer group relationships is an increase in conformity. Define conformity, and discuss the three main types of conformity. (7) (20) QUESTION 2: Sipho is a 15-year-old boy who lives in a rural village in Kwazulu-Natal with his parents and two younger siblings. Sipho’s father is a farmer; his mother takes care of the household and works as a part-time seamstress. Sipho is the eldest child and is responsible for helping his parents with farm work and caring for his younger siblings. He attends a local high school and is currently in Grade 9. Sipho’s family faces financial challenges and struggle to make ends meet. Despite this, they are a close-knit family and support each other as best they can. Sipho’s parents value education and encourage him to work hard in school, hoping that he will be able to secure a better future for himself. Sipho’s school is quite a distance from his home, and he must walk for almost an hour to get there. He often arrives at school tired and hungry, as there is not always enough food at home. Sipho enjoys spending time with his friends at school, but he finds it challenging to concentrate in class due to hunger and fatigue. He has trouble completing his homework and struggles to keep up with the pace of the lessons. Sipho’s father is a traditionalist and insists that Sipho learn traditional farming practices and customs. He believes it is important for Sipho to understand his cultural heritage and be proud of his roots. As a result, Sipho spends a significant amount of time working on the farm, learning about the land and how to cultivate crops. Despite his father’s insistence on traditional farming practices, Sipho is interested in learning about modern agricultural techniques and hopes to pursue a career in agriculture. He often reads books about farming and the latest farming methods, which he borrows from the community library. Sipho’s mother supports his dreams but worries that he will not be able to achieve them due to their financial situation. She encourages him to focus on his studies and work hard to secure a better future for himself. 3 Sipho’s teachers have noticed that he is struggling in school and have suggested that his parents seek assistance from the community or neighbours to help him with his studies. They believe that with some support, Sipho will be able to reach his full potential and succeed academically. 2.1 According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, what are the different systems that influence Sipho’s development? Explain the possible assets in each system as represented in the case study and based on Bronfenbrenner’s. (10) 2.2 According to the African perspective, as discussed by Tabane (2016), what are the different systems that influences Sipho’s development? Explain the possible assets in each system as represented in the case study and based on Tabane (2016). (10) 2.3 Based on Bronfenbrenner's theory, what support systems could be put in place to help Sipho overcome his academic struggles? (5) 2.4 According to Bronfenbrenner's theory, how might Sipho’s experiences in his different systems influence his future career choices and opportunities? (5) (30) QUESTION 3: Sipho’s parents have different parenting styles. Sipho’s father is very strict and controlling, setting high standards and expectations for his son. He believes that discipline and obedience are essential and has set strict rules and guidelines for Sipho to follow. His father also closely monitors his social life, restricting the time he spends with his friends and the activities they do together. On the other hand, Sipho’s mother is more lenient. She believes in allowing her son to make his own decisions and mistakes, providing guidance and support when needed but giving him the freedom to explore and learn on his own. She is more interested in building a close relationship with her son and ensuring he feels comfortable and open with her. 3.1 Identify the different parenting styles represented in the case study. (2) 3.2 Briefly describe the characteristics of each parenting style, by providing examples from the case study. (6) 3.3 Discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of each parenting style for their child’s development, as identified in 2.1? (6) 3.4 How might Sipho’s mother and father find middle ground to address their parenting differences and create a cohesive parenting approach to benefit their child. (6) (20) 4 QUESTION 4: Thandeka is Sipho’s younger sister. She is struggling to figure out her identity. She has always been a good student and has done well in school, but she is unsure of what she wants to do with her future. She is interested in art and music, but her parents have told her those are not practical career choices. Thandeka is also struggling with her sexuality and is unsure if she is gay or straight. She has never dated anyone and is afraid to tell her family or friends about her feelings. 4.1 Referring to Louw & Louw (2022), discuss the factors that may contribute to Thandeka’s identity formation? (14) 4.2 How do adolescent friendship relationships differ from previous phases? (6) 4.3 What role does social media play in peer interactions and friendships? (5) 4.4 How can you, as a teacher, support the identity formation process of an adolescent? (5)