TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PHARMACOLOGY ESSENTIALS FOR MEDICATION SAFETY, 2nd EDITION By WORKMAN and LaCharity COMPLETE

TEST BANK FOR UNDERSTANDING PHARMACOLOGY ESSENTIALS FOR MEDICATION SAFETY, 2nd EDITION By WORKMAN and LaCharity COMPLETE. What administration technique should you use when giving a 2-year-old child ear drops? a. Pull the earlobe down and back. b . Pull the earlobe up and out. c. Keep the earlobe straight. d . Hang the patient’s head over the side of the bed. ANS: A For children younger than 3 years, pull the earlobe (pinna) down and back. This straightens the ear canal. This helps to ensure that the ear drops are placed where they are needed to be effective. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 40 16. What must you have a patient do after a vaginal drug is administered? a. Replace the drug in the refrigerator when not in use. b . Give the drug while the patient is sitting on the toilet. c. Have the patient empty her bladder after receiving this drug. d . Keep the patient lying down for 10 to 15 minutes after receiving the drug. TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pharmacology, Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition,Workman & LaCharity ANS: D Be sure to have the patient lie down for 10 to 15 minutes after receiving vaginal drugs to ensure that the drugs are fully absorbed. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 40 17. When giving a drug to a patient who is awake but confused, what is the best way to identify that it is the right patient? a. Check the room and bed number that the patient occupies. b . Ask the patient to state his or her name and birth date. c. Check the name on the patient’s wristband. d . Ask the patient if he or she is Mr. or Ms. [name]. ANS: C When a patient is confused, he or she may not reply with his or her own name and birth date. Beds can be moved and rooms can be changed. In addition, sometimes patients are placed or get into the wrong bed. In this case, the patient’s wristband provides the most reliable identification information. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 27 18. What is the best way to make sure that the right patient is receiving a prescribed drug when the patient is alert and oriented? a. Ask the patient to state his or her social security number. b . Check the patient’s wrist band. c. Look at the patient’s chart. d . Have the patient state his or her name and birth date. ANS: D To make sure that the right patient receives any drug that has been prescribed, The Joint Commission (TJC) recommends checking two unique patient identifiers (name and birth date) before medication administration. An alert and oriented patient can be asked directly. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 27 19. Why are nose drops or sprays most often given? a. To treat dryness that may lead to nose bleeds. b For allergies to pets, pollen, and molds. TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pharmacology, Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition,Workman & LaCharity . c. To treat congestion and infection. d . For cold and flu symptoms. ANS: C Nose drops or sprays are most often used to treat congestion or infection. DIF: Cognitive Level: Remembering REF: p. 40 ADVANCED CONCEPTS 20. Which technique is used with some intramuscular drug injections but not with subcutaneous or intradermal drug injections? a. Ensuring the site selected is appropriate for injection b . Cleansing the selected site before inserting the needle c. Aspirating the syringe before injecting the drug solution d . Checking for allergic or sensitivity reactions to the injection ANS: C Aspiration is not recommended for IM injection of vaccines or immunizations. For drugs such as penicillin, aspiration may be indicated. When indicated, aspirate the syringe (pull back on the plunger) to make sure that the needle is not in a vein. If the needle is in a vein, blood will appear in the syringe. Remove the needle and discard the drug if this happens. Get a new dose of the drug and a sterile needle and syringe and give the injection in another site. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 36 21. What is the proper way to prepare skin for a transdermal patch? a. Shave the skin that will be underneath the patch. b . Leave the old patch on and apply the new one next to it. c. Clean and dry the skin where the patch will be applied. d . Remove the old patch and apply the new one to the exact same spot. ANS: C When administering a transdermal patch, first wash your hands and put on gloves. Clean the area of skin where the drug will be applied. Apply topical drugs in a smooth, thin layer, and cover the area. When administering transdermal drugs, remove old patches or doses of the drug. Be sure to TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pharmacology, Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition,Workman & LaCharity remove all traces of the drug from the previous dosage site, and rotate sites to avoid skin irritation or breakdown. DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: p. 39 22. A patient is to receive nitroglycerin ointment, 1 inch STAT, for elevated blood pressure. What must be done before giving this drug? a. Shave the hair off the patient’s chest. b . Place the patient on a heart monitor. c. Put on a pair of disposable gloves. d . Measure the dose directly on the patient’s skin. ANS: C Wash your hands and put on gloves. Without gloves, if you come into contact with the ointment you may experience the same side effects as a patient (e.g., headache, drop in blood pressure). DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: p. 39 23. To prevent a drug overdose from receiving two doses too close together, what should you do immediately after giving a PRN pain drug? a. Ask if the patient’s pain has been relieved. b . Check the patient’s vital signs. c. Notify the prescriber. d . Document the action. ANS: D It is important to document giving PRN (as needed) drugs as soon as possible before another health care worker gives a second dose in response to a patient’s statements about pain. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: p. 28 24. The prescriber orders atenolol (Tenormin) 25 mg to be given orally once a day to control a patient’s high blood pressure. You check the patient’s vital signs and find that the blood pressure is 128/80 mm Hg and the heart rate is 60 beats/min. What should you do first before giving this drug? a. Check the order for prescriber limitations on when the drug should be given. b . Notify the prescriber and ask if the drug should be given. c. Reassess the blood pressure and heart rate in 30 minutes. d Give the drug exactly as prescribed. TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pharmacology, Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition,Workman & LaCharity . ANS: A Prescribers often include limitations about when a drug should or should not be given. You should first check the order for any limitations. Because a heart rate of 60 beats/min is borderline low, and unless there are no limitations, you should notify the prescriber and ask if the drug should be given to this patient. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: p. 31 25. A patient is prescribed omeprazole (Prilosec) 60 mg once a day orally. The patient is having difficulty with swallowing and has a feeding tube in place. What is your best action? a. Open the capsule and mix the contents with water, then give the drug through the feeding tube. b . Raise the head of the bed 90 degrees and mix the capsule in applesauce for easier swallowing. c. Contact the prescriber and pharmacist about using another drug or another form of the drug. d . Hold the tube feeding for at least 30 minutes before giving the drug. ANS: C Omeprazole comes in time-released capsules, which should not be opened to prevent rapid absorption of the drug and consequent side effects or adverse effects. Mixing the drug with applesauce and asking the patient to swallow it when the patient has difficulty swallowing puts the patient at high risk for aspiration. DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: p. 32 26. A patient with severe postoperative pain is ordered to receive morphine 2 mg intravenously. The patient asks if the drug could be taken by mouth instead. What is your best response? a. “Giving the drug intravenously will give you faster pain relief.” b . “I will call your prescriber and ask if the order can be changed.” c. “Your surgeon wants you to receive the drug intravenously.” d . “We can substitute the intravenous drug with an oral drug.” ANS: A The intravenous route is used when a drug needs to enter the bloodstream rapidly or a large dose of a drug must be given. The rates of absorption and action are very rapid with this route and this route is best for a patient with severe postoperative pain. TEST BANK FOR Understanding Pharmacology, Essentials for Medication Safety, 2nd Edition,Workman & LaCharity DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying or Higher REF: p. 38 27. The prescriber orders a new drug over the telephone for a nursing home patient who has symptoms of a urinary tract infection. The order is for Gantanol, 2 g now and then 1 g every 12 hours for the next 10 days. What further information is most important for you to obtain from the prescriber? a. “How many refills are needed?” b . “Do you want the drug given orally or intravenously?” c. “Which brand of drug should be given, or is this a generic drug?” d . “Does this drug need to be given with a meal or on an empty stomach?” ANS: B The prescriber must indicate the route of administration for the drug prescri