NURS 5333 Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update

Family theory: be able to identify a family developmental stage by a description. Family theory: be able to identify a family developmental stage by a description.  Stage 1: Beginning family- Married couple establish home but no children Developmental Tasks: Establishing a satisfying home and marriage relationship and preparing for childbirth  Stage 2: Childbearing Family- From birth of 1st child until that child is 2 ½ years old Developmental Task: Adjusting to increased family size and providing a positive developmental environment  Stage 3: Family with Preschoolers- Oldest child is between 2 ½ and 6 Developmental tasks (DT): coping with demands on energy and attention with less privacy at home  Stage 4: Family with School Children- When oldest child is between ages of 6 and 13 DT: Promoting educational achievement and fitting in with the community of families with school-age children  Stage 5: Family with Teenagers- Oldest child is between ages of 13 and 20 DT: Allowing and helping children to become more independent  Stage 6: Launching Centre- When oldest child leaves family until the youngest leaves home DT: Releasing young adults and accepting new ways of relating to them; maintaining a supportive home base  Stage 7: Empty Nest- From time children are gone till couple retires DT: Renewing and redefining marriage relationship; preparing for retirement years  Stage 8: Aging Family- From retirement till death of the marriage partner DT: Adjusting to retirement; coping with death and living alone. Growth/development: Identify normal vs. abnormal development if given a description of patient behaviors. Define the diagnosis and meaning of Autism. ● Jean Piaget—developmental psychologist; cognitive development theories ● Piaget’s Theory:  Sensorimotor (0-2 years): Development is driven by motor development; coordination of senses with motor response, sensory curiosity. Language used for demands and cataloging. Object permanence developed.  Preoperational (2-7 years): Symbolic thinking, use of proper syntax and grammar to express full concepts. Imagination and intuition are strong, but complex abstract thought still difficult. Conservation developed. Important milestones Age Milestones Newborn ● Vision is highly limited at birth (8-12 inches) ● Fixes on moving objects ● Prefers human face; establishes eye contact around one month of age ● Infant will tend to lay in flexed position; will turn head from side to side ● On horizontal suspension there will be some head sagging, but infant should not be hypotonic ● All primitive reflexes should be present  Moro, grasp, rooting, tonic neck, etc. ● Infant should regain birthweight by 2 weeks and grow 30 g/day until 4 months of age ● (birth weight should double at this point)  If they are premature, you have to correct for that ● Reacts to voice by one month of age—if child is not reacting, think of hearing loss ● Crying peaks around 6 weeks of age (up to 3 hours per day) 1 month old Reacts to voice, establishes eye contact 2 months old ● Infant is able to differentiate among patterns, colors, and consonants, but due to the baby’s yet-limited ability to communicate, this may be difficult to notice ● Infant should be able to track an object horizontally at 180 degrees—can track to midline ● Head lag should be gone and the head and trunk should be held in the same plane on horizontal suspension ● Social smile ● Will listen to voice and make cooing sounds—cooing is vocal development, not language ● Infant should be able to hold head steady while sitting in lap ● Infant should be able to raise head slightly when laying in prone position— TUMMY TIME!!  Increases risk of SIDS if put to bed on stomach 4 months old  Recognizes hand ● Infant becomes noticeably more distracted by surroundings ● Infant explores own body, especially hands and mouth ● Sense of proprioception begins to mature ● Infant will begin to recognize emotions in others and may mirror such emotions (sustained social smile & laughing) ● Object permanence has not yet developed, so peek-a-boo will amuse the infant ● Infant should be able to lift head above plane when held in horizontal suspension ● Infant should be able to grasp objects like a rattle and may reach for objects held above him/her ● Primitive reflexes may begin to disappear  May be able to manipulate objects with both hands  Inspect hands at midline ● Infant will show more purposeful motor activity ● Growth slows to 20 g/day until 1 yoa; birthweight should have doubled ● Infant will begin to show distinct facial expressions in various scenarios ● May show displeasure if social contact is broken—baby recognizes that social contact is “bonding” and may get upset with separating ● Recognizes sight of food and often becomes excited 6 months old  Grasps, visualizes, manipulates objects ● As primitive reflexes disappear, infants have more ability to grasp, visualize, manipulate, and explore objects ● Objects tend to go to the mouth first. This underscores the importance of keeping small objects and unsafe toys away from the baby. ● Babies at this age enjoy dropping objects because they believe they have made them disappear. ● Infant should be able to sit up without support but not necessarily in an erect position ● May be able to roll over and crawl ● Primitive reflexes should be gone ● Infant should be able to transfer objects from hand to hand ● Infant will typically prefer mother or primary caretaker ● Stranger anxiety begins to develop ● Peek-a-boo is often fun for child as object permanence hasn’t developed yet