Radiopharm Final Exam with Complete Solution.

Radiopharm Final Exam with Complete Solution. How does 201Tl decay? (a) By positron emission (b) By electron capture (c) By beta emission (d) None of the above Correct answer- B. By electron capture What is the role of the stannous ion in the preparation of pharmaceuticals labeled with 99mTc? (a) To increase the valence state from +4 to +7 (b) To reduce the amount of Al3+ present (c) To reduce the valence state of 99mTc (d) To reduce the radiation dose Correct answer- C. To reduce the valence state of 99mTc If the biological half-life of an isotope is 6 h and the physical half-life is 12 h, what is the effective half-life? (a) 6 h (b) 12 h (c) 2 h (d) 4 h Correct answer- D. 4 h Which of the following is used to abbreviate physical half-life? (a) Tp (b) T/2 (c) T2 (d) P 1⁄2 Correct answer- A. Tp The physical half-life of a radionuclide is the time it takes: (a) For half of the substance to leave the body (b) For the nuclide to decay to one-half of the original activity (c) For the kit to become half expired (d) For half of the substance to be metabolized Correct answer- B. For the nuclide to decay to one-half of the original activity Which of the following is boiled during preparation? (a) MAA (b) Sulfur colloid (c) Albumin colloid (d) Diphosphonates Correct answer- B. Sulfur colloid The presence of 12 μg Al+3 in 1 ml of 99mTc eluate is: (a) An example of radionuclidic impurity (b) An example of chemical impurity (c) An example of radiochemical impurity (d) Acceptable since it is less than 15 μg/ml Correct answer- B. An example of chemical impurity Which body decides on the acceptable levels of radionuclidic impurity? (a) USP (b) NRC (c) FDA (d) Both (a) and (b) Correct answer- D. Both (a) and (b) NRC, FDA Which of the following is an example of radionuclidic impurity? (a) Presence of free 99mTc in a preparation of 99mTc sulfur colloid (b) Presence of 99Mo in 99mTc eluate (c) Presence of aluminum ions in 99mTc eluate (d) Presence of pyrogens in eluate Correct answer- B. Presence of 99Mo in 99mTc eluate What is the maximum amount of aluminum ions (Al+3) allowed in 1 ml of 99mTc eluate according to the USP? (a) None is allowed (b) 5μg (c) 10μg (d) 15μg Correct answer- C. 10μg What is indicated by the front of an instant thin layer chromatography (ITLC) strip? (a) Radionuclidic impurity. (b) Particles of incorrect size. (c) Pyrogens. (d) This depends on the solvent and strip used. Correct answer- D. This depends on the solvent and strip used. What is the most likely size of an MAA particle if correctly prepared? (a) 0-100 mm (b) 10-30μm (c) 10-30 mm (d) 0-250μm Correct answer- B. 10-30μm.