AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 3 2020.

AQA A-LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER 3 2020. Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page Answer Book. You may use a calculator. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7182/3R. • In Section A, you should answer all questions. • In Section B, choose one topic. Answer all questions on the topic you choose. • In Section C, choose one topic. Answer all questions on the topic you choose. • In Section D, choose one topic. Answer all questions on the topic you choose. • Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 96. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. A-level PSYCHOLOGY Paper 3 Issues and options in psychology R S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides Downloaded by: ibrahim03naqvi | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides 3 IB/G/Nov20/7182/3R Turn over ► 0 1 Outline what is meant by cultural relativism. [2 marks] 0 2 Suggest two ways in which researchers might reduce cultural bias in their research. [2 marks] 0 3 Jonny is 25 years old. He is a very anxious person. Colleagues tease him at work because he chews his pen all the time and spends hours tidying his desk. He finds it difficult to make friends and has never had a girlfriend. Use your knowledge of psychic determinism to explain Jonny’s behaviour. [4 marks] 0 4 ‘Psychologists sometimes adopt a reductionist approach to their investigations when they want their research to be objective and empirical.’ Discuss reductionism in psychological research. Refer to the statement above in your answer. [16 marks] Turn over for Section B Section A Issues and debates in psychology Answer all questions in this section. S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides Downloaded by: ibrahim03naqvi | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides 4 IB/G/Nov20/7182/3R Topic: Relationships 0 5 Which one of the following best describes social exchange theory? Write the correct letter in your answer book. [1 mark] A A theory that proposes individuals focus on balancing effort and gain. B A theory that proposes individuals focus on cost rather than reward. C A theory that proposes individuals focus on getting out more than they put in. D A theory that proposes individuals focus on how much has been contributed so far. In a study of filter theory, a psychology student used a group of female participants. Each participant was shown two descriptions. • Description 1 described a man with a similar social background to that of the female participants. • Description 2 described a man with a different social background to that of the female participants. The student asked participants to judge how much they liked each description on a scale of 1–10. The student decided to test for a significant difference between the judgements made for each description. He proposed using an unrelated t-test to analyse the data. 0 6 Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of the study. [5 marks] 0 7 The student who carried out the study selected the two descriptions. He decided himself which social backgrounds were similar and which social backgrounds were different. Explain how the study could be improved by selecting the descriptions another way. [2 marks] Section B Relationships or Gender or Cognition and development Choose one topic from Section B. Answer all questions on the topic you choose. S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides Downloaded by: ibrahim03naqvi | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides 5 IB/G/Nov20/7182/3R Turn over ► 0 8 Discuss the filter theory of attraction. Refer to the likely outcome of the student’s study in your answer. [8 marks] 0 9 Outline Rusbult’s model of romantic relationships. Explain one or more strength(s) of Rusbult’s model. [8 marks] Topic: Gender 1 0 Which one of the following best describes Kohlberg’s gender stability stage? Write the correct letter in your answer book. [1 mark] A Knowing what gender you are now and believing that your gender is stable in different contexts and across different situations. B Knowing what gender you are now and understanding that you have always been the same gender and will stay the same gender in the future. C Knowing what gender you are now but thinking that you were a different gender in the past and could be a different gender in the future. D Knowing what gender you are now but wanting to be a different gender at different times and in different situations. In a study of sex-role stereotypes and the understanding of gender, a psychology student used a group of 7-year-old children. Each child was shown two pictures. • Picture 1 showed people carrying out sex-stereotypical activities. • Picture 2 showed people carrying out non-sex-stereotypical activities. The student asked the children to say how much they liked each picture on a scale of 1–10. The student decided to test for a significant difference between the judgements of the two pictures. He proposed using an unrelated t-test to analyse the data. 1 1 Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of the study. [5 marks] Section B continues on the next page S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides Downloaded by: ibrahim03naqvi | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides 6 IB/G/Nov20/7182/3R 1 2 The student who carried out the study selected the two pictures. He decided himself which were sex-stereotypical activities and which were non-sex-stereotypical activities. Explain how the study could be improved by selecting the pictures another way. [2 marks] 1 3 Discuss sex-role stereotypes. Refer to the likely outcome of the student’s study in your answer. [8 marks] 1 4 Outline Bem’s research into androgyny. Explain one or more limitation(s) of Bem’s research. [8 marks] Topic: Cognition and development 1 5 Which one of the following best describes Piaget’s concept of conservation? Write the correct letter in your answer book. [1 mark] A Understanding that things are different even though they look the same. B Understanding that things are different when they look different. C Understanding that things are the same even though they look different. D Understanding that things are the same when they look the same. In a study of perspective-taking, a psychology student used a group of 9-year-old children. Each child was shown two pictures. • Picture 1 showed an older child being unkind to a little boy. • Picture 2 showed an older child being kind to a little boy. The student asked the children to judge how sad the little boy would feel in each picture on a scale of 1–10. The student decided to test for a significant difference between the judgements of the two pictures. He proposed using an unrelated t-test to analyse the data. 1 6 Suggest a more appropriate statistical test of difference for the student to use with this data. Explain two reasons for your choice based on the description of the study. [5 marks] S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides Downloaded by: ibrahim03naqvi | Distribution of this document is illegal S - The Marketplace for Revision Notes & Study Guides 7 IB/G/Nov20/7182/3R Turn over ► 1 7 The student who carried out the study selected the two pictures. He decided himself which picture showed unkind behaviours and which picture showed kind behaviours. Explain how the study could be improved by selecting the pictures another way. [2 marks] 1 8 Discuss Selman’s research on perspective-taking. Refer to the likely outcome of the student’s study in your answer. [8 marks] 1 9 Outline Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development. Explain one or more strength(s) of Vygotsky’s theory. [8 marks] Turn over for Section C