2023 ASCP (MB) Exam (Complete Solution) Graded A+ Latest Update

ASCP (MB) Exam BCR-ABL Genes involved in cancer caused by t(9;22) CML Cancer caused by t(9:22) EWS-FLI1 Genes involved in cancer caused by t(11;22) Ewing sarcoma Cancer caused by translocations involving 22q12 HER2(ERBB2) - 17q21.1 Receptor tyrosine kinase commonly overexpressed in breast cancer IHC, rtPCR, FISH Methods used to assess overexpression of common oncogenes KRAS Most common oncogene in human cancer, which activates MAPK pathway t(11,22)(q24,q12) Most common translocation in 85% of Ewing's sarcoma Synovial sarcoma 80% of this type of cancer is caused by t(X;18) FKHR (FOXO1A) Gene on chromosome 13 that is involved in translocations in rhabdomyosarcoma TP53 Inherited mutations in this gene cause Li-Fraumeni syndrome ATM Gene mutated in Ataxia Telangiectasia BRCA1 Mutations in this gene increase lifetime risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer to 60-80% RET Point mutations in this gene cause multiple endocrine neoplasia RET Translocations involving this gene commonly cause papillary carcinoma VHL Alterations in this gene lead to a syndrome, which predisposes to renal cell carcinoma Colon cancer This type of cancer is associated with a defective mismatch repair system (MMR) Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) aka Lynch syndrome MSI is often associated (90%) with this type of inherited cancer Five How many repeat loci are analyzed to determine MSI? High In MSI testing 2 of 5 loci must show instability to classify it to this degree (MSH-H or MSH-L) MSH2 and MLH1 Two gene associated with the cancer, HNPCC 0.5 and 2 A ratio of less than ____ and greater than ____ indicates of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) t(14;18) Common translocation in follicular lymphoma BCL2 This gene is often involved in translocations in follicular lymphoma t(9;22) This translocation is also known as the Philadelphia chromosome PML/RARA Two genes commonly translocated in acute promyelocytic leukemia t(15;17) Common translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia Southern blot Lymphocyte clonality is detected by this method Monoclonal When over 1% of cells make the same gene rearrangement, the cell population is called ________. 6 The major histocompatability complex (MHC) is found on this chromosome HLA; human leukocyte antigens MHC gene products in humans are called __________. GVHD; graft versus host disease HLA or tissue typing prevents _____________. Set of alleles on the same chromosome and inherited together Haplotype Alterations shared in DNA by at least 2% of the population Polymorphism Different versions of a gene Allele HLA Typing Initial identification of HLA alleles in a specimen