BIOL 180 Exam 3 TEST QUIZ GRADED A+ Q &
A MOD006 2023 VERIFIED
monophyletic group correct answers a common ancestor and all of its descendants
out-group correct answers a taxon that is closely related to a monophyletic group but not a part of it
what is the difference between homology and homoplasy correct answers whether or not traits were
inherited from a common ancestor
synapomorphy correct answers a trait that comes from a common ancestor and identifies a
monophyletic group
parsimony correct answers the simplest explanation is the best
why does convergent evolution occur correct answers natural selection favors similar traits in similar
environments
convergent evolution correct answers organisms that are not closely related develop similar traits
because they inhabit similar environments
branch correct answers population through time
node correct answers populations split into independent populations
tip correct answers taxon
biological species concept criteria correct answers reproductive isolation
strength of biological species concept correct answers focused on genetic isolation which results in
speciation
weakness of biological species concept correct answers not applicable to asexual organisms, fossils, or
geographically isolated species
morphological species concept criteria correct answers species that evolve separately should have
obvious morphological differences
strength of morphological species concept correct answers can be used on all organisms (asexual,
fossils, sexual)
weakness of morphological species concept correct answers subjective so experts can disagree on how
similar or different populations are which changes species definitions
why do you need genetic isolation for speciation correct answers if the genes are not separated, gene
flow will occur and keep the two populations similar because they will share alleles
, phylogenetic species correct answers smallest monophyletic group on a tree
vicariance correct answers geographic (physical) event that splits a population into geographically
isolated groups like a barrier or a river
disruptive selection correct answers selection for either extreme, not the middle ground
how are data sources independent of each other correct answers originate from different sources and
created through different/separate processes
how does natural selection produce changes in species correct answers individuals have certain traits
that allow them to thrive better in different habitats (ancestral mammals that evolved into whales, fish
that evolved into mammals)
fossil correct answers trace of organism that lived in the past
abundance bias correct answers species with large populations leave more fossils
taxonomic bias correct answers species with hard or bony bodies leave more fossils (don't deteriorate)
temporal bias correct answers more recent species leave more fossils than older ones (don't
deteriorate)
habitat bias correct answers more fossils in wet habitats
when did tetrapods get their first limbs correct answers ~365 million years ago
when was Earth one big ocean and one big land mass? correct answers ~225 million years ago
adaptive radiation correct answers branching of species to fill niches in an environment (diversification)
key aspects of adaptive radiation correct answers ancestors came from one species, the descendants
represent many species, the descendants differ in their lifestyles, and it happens quickly
how does morphology trigger adaptive radiation correct answers allow organisms to use resources in
new ways
how does ecology trigger adaptive radiations correct answers allow organisms to use resources that are
not being used by others
new genes, new bodies correct answers new copies of genes that regulate development create new
morphology
mass extinction correct answers 60% of species die out in >1 million years
background extinction correct answers standard extinction rate that constantly occurs
A MOD006 2023 VERIFIED
monophyletic group correct answers a common ancestor and all of its descendants
out-group correct answers a taxon that is closely related to a monophyletic group but not a part of it
what is the difference between homology and homoplasy correct answers whether or not traits were
inherited from a common ancestor
synapomorphy correct answers a trait that comes from a common ancestor and identifies a
monophyletic group
parsimony correct answers the simplest explanation is the best
why does convergent evolution occur correct answers natural selection favors similar traits in similar
environments
convergent evolution correct answers organisms that are not closely related develop similar traits
because they inhabit similar environments
branch correct answers population through time
node correct answers populations split into independent populations
tip correct answers taxon
biological species concept criteria correct answers reproductive isolation
strength of biological species concept correct answers focused on genetic isolation which results in
speciation
weakness of biological species concept correct answers not applicable to asexual organisms, fossils, or
geographically isolated species
morphological species concept criteria correct answers species that evolve separately should have
obvious morphological differences
strength of morphological species concept correct answers can be used on all organisms (asexual,
fossils, sexual)
weakness of morphological species concept correct answers subjective so experts can disagree on how
similar or different populations are which changes species definitions
why do you need genetic isolation for speciation correct answers if the genes are not separated, gene
flow will occur and keep the two populations similar because they will share alleles
, phylogenetic species correct answers smallest monophyletic group on a tree
vicariance correct answers geographic (physical) event that splits a population into geographically
isolated groups like a barrier or a river
disruptive selection correct answers selection for either extreme, not the middle ground
how are data sources independent of each other correct answers originate from different sources and
created through different/separate processes
how does natural selection produce changes in species correct answers individuals have certain traits
that allow them to thrive better in different habitats (ancestral mammals that evolved into whales, fish
that evolved into mammals)
fossil correct answers trace of organism that lived in the past
abundance bias correct answers species with large populations leave more fossils
taxonomic bias correct answers species with hard or bony bodies leave more fossils (don't deteriorate)
temporal bias correct answers more recent species leave more fossils than older ones (don't
deteriorate)
habitat bias correct answers more fossils in wet habitats
when did tetrapods get their first limbs correct answers ~365 million years ago
when was Earth one big ocean and one big land mass? correct answers ~225 million years ago
adaptive radiation correct answers branching of species to fill niches in an environment (diversification)
key aspects of adaptive radiation correct answers ancestors came from one species, the descendants
represent many species, the descendants differ in their lifestyles, and it happens quickly
how does morphology trigger adaptive radiation correct answers allow organisms to use resources in
new ways
how does ecology trigger adaptive radiations correct answers allow organisms to use resources that are
not being used by others
new genes, new bodies correct answers new copies of genes that regulate development create new
morphology
mass extinction correct answers 60% of species die out in >1 million years
background extinction correct answers standard extinction rate that constantly occurs
