ARDMS Practice Test With Complete Solution

Sonographers should be aware of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Best practice while scanning is to avoid abducting the arm more than how many degrees? a. 50 b. 90 c. 30 d. 40 - Answer c. 30 Which action demonstrates best practice during ultrasound exams regarding the ALARA principle? a. The exposure time should be extended during the exam. b. use the lowest possible output power that provides a diagnostic image. c. use the lowest possible gain. d. Ensure that the time gain compensation (TGC is within acceptable limits. - Answer b. use the lowest possible output power that provides a diagnostic image Which type of cavitation is the most concerning cause of bioeffects? a. Transient b. Absorption c. Stable d. Thermal - Answer a. transient Assuming an unfocused ultrasound beam, the American Institute of ultrasound in Medicine's "statement on Mammalian Biological Effects of ultrasound In vivo" has confirmed that no bioeffects have been noted when the spatial pulse temporal average (SPTA) intensity is less than which value? a. 1 mW/cm2 b. 100 W/cm2 c. 1 W/cm2 d. 100 mW/cm2 - Answer d. 100 mW/cm2 A sonographer notices that the mechanical index (MI) is too high during an ultrasound. What would be the MOST appropriate modification that the sonographer can make? a. decrease receiver gain b. increase period c. decrease the output power d. decrease the frequency of the transducer - Answer c. decrease the output power Select the technique that will generate the LEAST amount of exposure to the patient. a. Spectral Doppler b. Color flow Doppler c. Grayscale d. M-mode - Answer c. grayscale When a vibrating string or fluid pump is used to test system performance, what parameter is being tested? a. Dead zone b. Doppler velocities c. Contrast resolution d. Grayscale sensitivity - Answer b. Doppler velocities A tissue-equivalent phantom is used to ensure the efficiency of the ultrasound machine. Choose the resolution that is NOT tested with this phantom. a. Temporal b. Contrast c. Axial d. Horizontal - Answer a. temporal Which performance check describes the ability of the ultrasound machine to correctly visualize signals that are weaker than others? a. Accuracy b. Specificity c. Reliability d. Sensitivity - Answer d. sensitivity What is the name of the recent technological advancement that is used on tissues such as the liver, breast, prostate, and thyroid to assess the stiffness of tissue or to better assess lesions? a. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound b. Fusion imaging c. Elastography d. Harmonics - Answer c. elastography Which choice is NOT a true statement regarding this filling defect within the gallbladder? a. The filling defect displays a significant amount of attenuation. b. it has created an enhancement artifact. c. It has created a shadowing artifact d. Regions deeper than the filling defect are obscured. - Answer b. it has created an enhancement artifact Which type of artifact appears echogenic and stems from gas bubbles as they vibrate due to the interaction with the ultrasound beam? a. Ring-down artifact b. edge shadow c. Crosstalk d. Slice thickness - Answer a. ring-down artifact What is the fundamental reason that the power and intensity of the ultrasound beam diminish as it travels through tissue? a. Absorption b. Cavitation c. Obstruction d. Acoustic impedance - Answer a. absorption Select the modification that the sonographer can make to decrease the amount of attenuation as the ultrasound beam travels through tissues. a. Increase the imaging depth. b. Increase the frequency of the transducer. c. Decrease the output power. d. Decrease the frequency of the transducer. - Answer d. decrease the frequency of the transducer Choose the ultrasound system function that enables the sonographer to adapt to the amount of attenuation that occurs with increasing depth. a. Focusing b. Receiver gain c. TGC d. Output power - Answer c. TGC Assume that a sound beam is traveling in soft tissue. Calculate the attenuation coefficient if the frequency is 12 MHz. a. 12dB/cm b. 6 dB/cm c. 8 dB/cm d. 10 dB/cm - Answer b. 6 dB/cm What is NOT a component of attenuation? a. Reflection b. Scattering c. Resolution d. Absorption - Answer c. resolution Impedance is NOT influenced by which component? a. The frequency of the transducer b. Density c. Propagation speed d. Stiffness - Answer a. the frequency of the transducer For reflection to take place, which situation must exist? a. The border of two different tissues must have different impedances. b. There must be Iittle difference of the impedances at soft-tissue boundaries. c. Normal incidence and identical impedances must be present d. Oblique incidence must occur. - Answer a. The border of two different tissues must have different impedances. While assuming continuous wave (cw) ultrasound, what is the duty factor (DF)? a. 0.2% b. l% c. 0% d. 100% - Answer d. 100% What will happen to the duty factor (DF) if the system increases the pulse repetition frequency (PRF) ? a. DF remains the same. b. DF increases. c. DF is not related to PRF. d. DF decreases. - Answer b. DF increases The best axial resolution will be apparent if the sonographer performs an exam with a transducer that has which characteristic? a. Longer pulse length b. Longer wavelength c. Shorter pulse length d. More ringing in the pulse - Answer c. Shorter pulse length Lateral resolution will be improved if the sonographer performs which operation? a. Decreases the scanning depth b. Increases the number of focal zones c. Maximizes the output power d. Uses a lower frequency - Answer b. Increases the number of focal zones Which action will NOT increase (or improve) temporal resolution? a. Increase the imaging depth. b. Decrease the number of focal zones. c. Use a sector size that is narrow. d. Use a low line density. - Answer a. Increase the imaging depth. Which name describes how the angles of the incident and transmission beams are related to the speed of the two media? a. Bernoulli's principle b. Curie point c. Huygens' principle d. Snell's law - Answer d. Snell's law What can be done when investigating a possible kidney stone to better demonstrate shadowing from the stone when using a 3 MHz probe? a. Position the focal point deeper than the stone. b. Increase the amount of gain. c. Increase the frequency to 5 MHz. d. Decrease the output power of the system. - Answer c. Increase the frequency to 5 MHz If the frequency is doubled, what effect will this have on the wavelength? a. It will remain the same. b. It doubles. c. It increases by a factor of 1.54. d. It is halved. - Answer d. It is halved. Which part of the transducer is necessary to reduce the amount of ringing of the piezoelectric (PZT) crystal? a. Matching layer b. Backing material c. Transducer housing d. Wire - Answer b. Backing material A given frequency of sound is 4.5 MHz, and it has a wavelength of 0.8 mm. How thick should a manufacturer design the matching layer of a transducer in this scenario? a. 0.4 mm b. 0.16 mm c. 0.2 mm d. 0.6 mm - Answer c. 0.2 mm A sonographer is performing a renal ultrasound. Which transducer frequency will generate the slowest speed of sound? a. All frequencies will travel at the same speed in the same tissue. b. 2 MHz c. 4.5 MHz d. 7 MHz - Answer a. All frequencies will travel at the same speed in the same tissue. Transducers used in image production will have which characteristics? a. High Q-factor, wide bandwidth b. Low Q-factor, wide bandwidth c. Low Q-factor, narrow bandwidth d. High Q-factor, narrow bandwidth - Answer b. Low Q-factor, wide bandwidth Which transducer produced the shape of this image? a. Linear sequential array b. Vector array c. Annular phased array d. Convex array - Answer d. Convex array