Portage A&P I Module 1

Portage Learning A&P 1 Module 1 1. Chemical level, cellular level, tissue level, organ level, organ system level, organism level: There six levels of organization of the body- what are they? 2. Integumentary: The necessary life function that protects our internal environ- ment from our external environment is provided by what system? 3. groups of similar cells that have a common function: tissue level 4. epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous: Types of tissues 5. Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities. Specialized in secretion and absorption.: epithelial tissue 6. A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts: connective tissue 7. A body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.: muscle tissue 8. A body tissue that carries electrical messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.: nervous tissue 9. muscular: The function of movement is provided by what system? 10. Nervous: The function of responsiveness is provided by what system? 11. Digestive: The function of digestion is provided by what system? 12. making more complex cellular structures from simpler ones: What is anabolism? 13. the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism.: What is catabolism? 14. digestive, respiratory and urinary: Excretion involves what systems? 15. the endocrine system: The reproductive system is controlled by what other system? 16. Epithelium: Which tissue covers the body surface and lines the cavities of the body. 17. Glycolysis, Citric Acid Cycle, Electron transport system: Name the three steps in cellular respiration. 18. ATP is a very energy rich molecule the powers the cellular activities allowing cells to have the energy needed to carry out their functions: What is the purpose of ATP? 19. The cells that make up epithelial tissue are specialized for tasks such as secretion and absorption. These cells are under constant cell division to replace dead cells that shed away: Epithelial cells perform what types of functions? 20. epithelium, muscle, connective and nervous tissue, each of which is made up of specific cell types that perform specific functions: What are the four basic tissue types? 21. superficial: Toward or at the body surface is known as what direction? 22. deep: Away from the body surface is what direction? 23. intermediate: Between a more medial and more lateral structure is what orientation? 24. medial: Toward or at the midline of the body or on the inner side of is what direction? 25. inferior: Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure of the body, is what direction? 26. superior: Toward the head end or upper part of a structure (above) is what direction? 27. ventral (anterior): Toward or at the front of the body is what direction? 28. distal: Is the knee proximal or distal to the pelvis? 29. proximal: Is the elbow proximal or distal to the hand? 30. Dorsal (posterior): Toward or at the back of the body is what direction? 31. Flexion: Closing of a joint is which action? 32. Extension: Opening of a joint is which action? 33. Supination: In anatomical position are the hands in pronation or supination? 34. Because the bones of the forearm (radius/ulna) are uncrossed in the supinated position: Why are the hands in supinated position 35. Upward movement of a structure: Elevation 36. Downward movement of a structure: Depression 37. movement in the posterior direction: Retraction 38. movement in the anterior direction: Protraction: monstrated anatom- at is this 39. Look at the figure below of the right elbow. What is the de action (in the direction of the arrow)?: Elbow Extension 40. Look at the figure below of the right hand. A person standing in ical position moves their right wrist laterally towards the radius. Wh action called (towards label A)?: Radial Deviation 41. Axial division: This body division includes the head neck and trunk? 42. Sagittal: This is a vertical plane that divides the body into right and left parts 43. Frontal: These planes lie vertically and divide the body into anterior and posterior parts 44. Superior and Inferior: A transverse plane divides the body into these two parts: 45. Oblique: These cuts/sections are made diagonally between the horizontal and vertical planes. 46. Dorsal body cavity: This body cavity protects the nervous system. 47. Cranial: This body cavity encases the brain. 48. Spinal: This cavity encloses the spinal cord. 49. Coronal: The frontal plane is also known as the - - plane. 50. Thoracic and abdominopelvic: The ventral body cavity is divided into these two cavities: 51. pericardial: This cavity encloses the heart: 52. Serosa: The outer surfaces of the organs and body cavities are covered by this double layered membrane called the 53. inflammation of the pleurae, which impairs their lubricating function and causes pain when breathing. It is caused by pneumonia and other diseases of the chest or abdomen.: What is pleurisy? 54. Right upper, Left upper, Right lower and Left lower: The abdominopelvic region is divided into what four quadrants? 55. Umbilical: This region surrounds the naval 56. Iliac: This region houses the pelvis 57. Oral: This cavity houses the teeth and tongue. 58. Orbital: This cavity houses the eyes 59. Synovial fluid: Joints are lined with what? 60. Middle ear: malleus, incus, stapes: This cavity contains the tiny ear bones, name them 61. Cells need to remain relatively small because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster. Metabolic processes such as transportation of wastes across the membrane and diffusion can all occur at a faster rate.: Explain why active metabolizing cells need to be relatively small 62. 1) Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller than eukaryotic cells. Most are between 1-10 ¼m (micrometers) in size (about 1/30,000 of an inch); therefore, they are just visible with the light microscope. 2) The DNA of a prokaryotic cell is not enclosed in a nuclear membrane (prokaryotic means "before the nucleus"). 3) Prokaryotic cells do not contain many of the internal mem- brane-bounded organelles of eukaryotic cells.: Explain the three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells 63. contains DNA and serves as the control center of the cell: nucleus 64. tiny manufacturing plants that assemble proteins: ribosomes