BIO205 Final Exam Study Guide Graded A 2023

Chapter 1 When humans manipulate the genes of microorganisms, the process is Categories of Microorganisms All microorganisms are best defined as organisms that The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called Cells, like bacteria and archaea, that do not have a nucleus in their cells are called The first cells appeared about billion years ago. Human Use of Microorganisms Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of Disease-causing microorganisms are called The most prevalent worldwide infectious diseases are Unique Characteristic of Viruses Definition of Helminths Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering The Dutch merchant who made and used quality magnifying lenses to see and record microorganisms was The surgeon who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in the air prior to surgery Definition of Sterility Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis? Aspects of Taxonomy Which scientific field is involved in the identification, classification, and naming of organisms The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa is called Correct Taxonomic Hierarchy in order from largest to smallest Example of Scientific Name Correctly Writing Scientific Names The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is Which area of biology states that living things undergo gradual, structural, and functional changes over long periods of time The scientist(s) who proposed organisms be assigned to one of three domains A scientist studying helminths is working with bacteria (T/F) Many chronic conditions are found to be associated with microbial agents (T/F) The term sterile means free of all life forms (T/F) Members of the same species share many more characteristics compared to those shared by members of the same kingdom (T/F) Once an organism is assigned to a particular taxonomic hierarchy, it is permanent and cannot be revised (T/F) The names of the three domains are: Bacteria, Protista, and Eukarya (Eukaryota). (T/F) One distinguishing characteristic of the archaebacteria is that they live in extreme environments (T/F) Microbes have been found existing in salty, acidic lakes.(T/F) Organic chemicals always have a basic framework of the element bonded to other atoms. Most biochemical macromolecules are polymers, which are chains of Examples of monosaccharides Examples of Lipids The lipid group that serves as energy storage molecules is The lipid group that is the major component of cell membranes is Characteristics of Enzymes Which amino acid contains sulfur atoms that form covalent disulfide bonds in its tertiary structure What type of bonds are formed between adjacent amino acids The alpha helix is a type of protein structure One nucleotide contains ATP is best described as You are trying to identify a chemical that consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphates. What is this chemical Purines and pyrimidines are components in the building block units of all Examples of Pyrimidines During protein synthesis, RNA is made as a copy of a gene from DNA Characteristics shared by all cells include The purine always binds with the pyrimidine in DNA and RNA. All proteins are enzymes (T/F)