HED2601 EXAM Prep 2023 with complete solution

The history of ECE has been influenced by? Colonialism, Apartheid and Western Perspectives. Africanisation and valuing of indigenous knowledge is? Understanding diversity, culture and indigenous knowledge allows for a rethinking of ECE and what we should prioritise. ECD refers to? Is the physical, cognitive, linguistic and socio-emotional development of a child from the prenatal stage up to the age of 8 years. The Government of Malawi, 2008 defines ECD as? A framework that targets all children including the vulnerable and marginalised from conception to 8 years. All these children have the same needs which consists of nutrition, health, nurture, protection, stimulation and training. UNESCO, 2006 defines sees ECD as A period spanning from birth to 8 years of age. This is the time the child receives utmost attention, care, stimulation and guidance to learn, to ensure that they grow and develop holistically into a healthy human being. The nutritional and health status of a child is critical during this time. South Africa's White Paper 5, 2001 defines ECD thus? A comprehensive approach to policies and programmes for children from birth to 9 years of age with the active participation of their parents and caregivers. Its purpose is to protect the child's rights to develop his/her full cognitive, emotional, social and physical potential. Benefits of ECE include? 1. Lays the foundation for future growth and learning. 2. Reduces failure rates in education. 3. Provides readiness for formal schooling. 4. Improved education outcomes and results. 5. Allows women to be employed and to participate in the labour market. 6. Contributes to an individuals employability. 7. Reduces the crime rate as more people complete their education and find employment. 8. Provides better economic opportunities for the poorest of poor and reduces inequalities. 9. Provides an opportunity for brain development experiences for later life. What factor contributed to the growth of ECE? The Industrial Revolution Define Industrial Revolution Period between 18 and 19th centuries. Working by hand to using machines. What was the Industrial Revolution responsible for? Human life, economic activities, agriculture, shipping and all forms of manufacturing were affected. Had an impact on how children were cared for and protected. Created a major demand for labour. Breaking up and separating families. Children were left orphaned/ abandoned this led to orphanages providing some form of early learning experiences. What is the Industrial Revolution also known for? Child labour practices Children as young as 4 & 5 years old were used for labour. Who started speaking out about child labour practices? Religious organisations and this led to the development of care & education systems for the poor and underprivileged. the war against child labor practices resulted in? Non-Governmental organisations creating childcare systems and later contributed to some early education. 4th Industrial Revolution Technological revolution rapidly changing the world. This has implications on teaching- raises the question how to use technology in education. Name 7 effects that World War 1 & 2 had on children? 1. Were left in homes & communities without proper care or protection. 2. Forced into labour 3. Need for formal systems of care and protection were heightened 4. Increase & demand for formal ECE systems. What are the 1800's seen as? The time of the introduction of ECE for young children in Europe both privileged and underprivileged. These men recognised the necessity of providing education to help children suffering severe deprivation due to war and slum conditions Rousseau, Pestalozz & Froebel. In the late 19th century Kindergarten became a new & unique idea in America and the states introduced it as part of their education provision. Define colonialism the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically. When did colonialism begin in South Africa? 1652 with the arrival of the Dutch in the Western Cape. What did the Europeans bring with them that wiped out some of the indigenous prides? Disease, alcohol and land disposition. The greatest resource was slavery. Who founded the first Cape colony? Jan van Riebeeck Who are what was the initial source of labour for the Free Burghers? The Khoikhoi In 1812 the Apprentice Ordinance was passed which allowed? White farmers to apprentice the children of their labourers for 10 years and from as early as the age of 8.