Multimodal Freight Transport and Port
Management
Inhoudsopgave
Multimodal freight transport ...................................................................................................................... 5
Transport – definition ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Division of transport according to criteria ........................................................................................................... 6
Specific characteristics of transport ..................................................................................................................... 7
Defining intermodal freight transport.................................................................................................................. 7
Location of centres in Europe: the blue banana................................................................................................... 8
Choice of mode of transport................................................................................................................................. 8
Transport systems ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Dry bulk cargo ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Liquid bulk ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
General cargo ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Transport technical division ........................................................................................................................... 10
Measuring of transport .................................................................................................................................. 11
Modal split: distribution over different modes of transport .............................................................................. 11
Trends in container shipping ..................................................................................................................... 12
Global trends in maritime transport .................................................................................................................. 12
Growing maritimization of world economy................................................................................................... 12
Global development of transport .................................................................................................................. 13
Drastic changes and trends............................................................................................................................ 15
Supply & demand ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Trends in shipping .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Cascading of large container ships ................................................................................................................ 18
LNG tanks eat cargo capacity ......................................................................................................................... 18
Effects on ports .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 19
Containers ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Container identification ................................................................................................................................. 20
Chassis and trailer .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Increased competition ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Handling equipment ................................................................................................................................. 21
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 21
Ship-to-shore (STS) cranes ............................................................................................................................. 21
Spreader ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
1
, Portainer ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Transtainer ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
RTG – Rubber tyred gantry cranes ................................................................................................................. 22
RMG – Rail mounted gantry cranes ............................................................................................................... 22
Forklifts with different types of forks ............................................................................................................ 23
Reach stackers ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Straddle carrier .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Automatic stacking cranes ............................................................................................................................. 24
Automated guided vehicles (AGV) ................................................................................................................. 24
Comparison .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Types of vessels and intermodal equipment .............................................................................................. 25
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 25
Liner trade ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Tramping ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Short Sea Shipping ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Maritime terms .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Shipbuilding ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
Freeboard....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Different types of vessels.................................................................................................................................... 26
General cargo ships........................................................................................................................................ 26
Container ships .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Roro-vessels ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Conbulker ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Dry bulk carriers ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Tankers ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Liquid bulk tankers ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Crude oil tankers ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Chemical tanker ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Gas tankers .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Heavy lift or heavy load ................................................................................................................................. 29
Cruise vessels ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Fishing vessels ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Inland navigation ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Type of vessels ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Rail transport ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Locomotives ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Wagons .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Ship building ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Major layout of a vessel ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Ship tonnage....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Weight............................................................................................................................................................ 33
Volume ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Freeboard ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Why building new ships? .................................................................................................................................... 35
2
, Advantages and disadvantages of standard vessels: ........................................................................................ 35
Delivered vessels................................................................................................................................................. 35
Classification of vessels ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Surveys ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Rail Operations......................................................................................................................................... 37
Port-hinterland versus continental / domestic................................................................................................... 37
Rail network design ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Train operations for intermodal freight ............................................................................................................. 37
Train operating characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 37
Equipment for intermodal rail freight ................................................................................................................ 38
Economics of intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................................. 38
Opportunities to improve ................................................................................................................................... 39
Intermodal road distribution ..................................................................................................................... 39
Pre- and post-haulage ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Urban distribution and intermodal transport .................................................................................................... 40
Inbound logistics and last mile ........................................................................................................................... 41
High capacity transport ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Application to port of Antwerp .......................................................................................................................... 42
Levers for mobility management ....................................................................................................................... 42
Freight initiatives ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Road transport towards 24/7 ............................................................................................................................. 42
Inland waterway operations ..................................................................................................................... 42
Inland navigation network ................................................................................................................................. 43
Fleet statistics ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
Inland waterway transport and terminal operations ........................................................................................ 44
Transport of pallets ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Extended gate concept ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Inland waterways management operations ...................................................................................................... 45
Terminals ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
Inland waterways logistics Management operations ........................................................................................ 45
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
In port of Antwerp .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Maritime access ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Demand side ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
3
, Supply side .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
What happens when a ship calls at the port of Antwerp? ................................................................................. 48
A ship passing through locks .............................................................................................................................. 48
The port interface..................................................................................................................................... 50
Transport interchange points ............................................................................................................................. 50
Defining a seaport .............................................................................................................................................. 51
Functions of a polyvalent seaport ...................................................................................................................... 51
Evolution of the functions of a polyvalent seaport ....................................................................................... 51
Transport and handling function ................................................................................................................... 52
Storage, distribution and logistical function.................................................................................................. 52
Industrial function.......................................................................................................................................... 53
Knowledge and information .......................................................................................................................... 53
Terminals in a port context ................................................................................................................................ 53
Waterside operations ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Yard operations .................................................................................................................................................. 54
Landside operations ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Different types of ports ...................................................................................................................................... 55
Terminal types .................................................................................................................................................... 55
Port management .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Economic importance of the port of Antwerp .................................................................................................... 56
Physical characteristics of a seaport The maritime foreland ............................................................................. 56
Land inwards located ports............................................................................................................................ 57
Connections with the hinterland ................................................................................................................... 57
Session on trends ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Future of ships .................................................................................................................................................... 58
Traffic caused by ports ....................................................................................................................................... 58
Merger of Port of Antwerp and Zeebrugge – effects on traffic and…................................................................ 58
4
Management
Inhoudsopgave
Multimodal freight transport ...................................................................................................................... 5
Transport – definition ........................................................................................................................................... 6
Division of transport according to criteria ........................................................................................................... 6
Specific characteristics of transport ..................................................................................................................... 7
Defining intermodal freight transport.................................................................................................................. 7
Location of centres in Europe: the blue banana................................................................................................... 8
Choice of mode of transport................................................................................................................................. 8
Transport systems ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Dry bulk cargo ................................................................................................................................................ 10
Liquid bulk ...................................................................................................................................................... 10
General cargo ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Transport technical division ........................................................................................................................... 10
Measuring of transport .................................................................................................................................. 11
Modal split: distribution over different modes of transport .............................................................................. 11
Trends in container shipping ..................................................................................................................... 12
Global trends in maritime transport .................................................................................................................. 12
Growing maritimization of world economy................................................................................................... 12
Global development of transport .................................................................................................................. 13
Drastic changes and trends............................................................................................................................ 15
Supply & demand ........................................................................................................................................... 15
Trends in shipping .......................................................................................................................................... 16
Cascading of large container ships ................................................................................................................ 18
LNG tanks eat cargo capacity ......................................................................................................................... 18
Effects on ports .............................................................................................................................................. 18
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 19
Containers ...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Container identification ................................................................................................................................. 20
Chassis and trailer .......................................................................................................................................... 21
Increased competition ........................................................................................................................................ 21
Handling equipment ................................................................................................................................. 21
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 21
Ship-to-shore (STS) cranes ............................................................................................................................. 21
Spreader ......................................................................................................................................................... 21
1
, Portainer ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
Transtainer ..................................................................................................................................................... 22
RTG – Rubber tyred gantry cranes ................................................................................................................. 22
RMG – Rail mounted gantry cranes ............................................................................................................... 22
Forklifts with different types of forks ............................................................................................................ 23
Reach stackers ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Straddle carrier .............................................................................................................................................. 23
Automatic stacking cranes ............................................................................................................................. 24
Automated guided vehicles (AGV) ................................................................................................................. 24
Comparison .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Types of vessels and intermodal equipment .............................................................................................. 25
Intermodal transport equipment ....................................................................................................................... 25
Liner trade ...................................................................................................................................................... 25
Tramping ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
Short Sea Shipping ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Maritime terms .............................................................................................................................................. 25
Shipbuilding ........................................................................................................................................................ 26
Freeboard....................................................................................................................................................... 26
Different types of vessels.................................................................................................................................... 26
General cargo ships........................................................................................................................................ 26
Container ships .............................................................................................................................................. 26
Roro-vessels ................................................................................................................................................... 27
Conbulker ....................................................................................................................................................... 27
Dry bulk carriers ............................................................................................................................................. 27
Tankers ........................................................................................................................................................... 28
Liquid bulk tankers ......................................................................................................................................... 28
Crude oil tankers ............................................................................................................................................ 28
Chemical tanker ............................................................................................................................................. 28
Gas tankers .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Heavy lift or heavy load ................................................................................................................................. 29
Cruise vessels ................................................................................................................................................. 29
Fishing vessels ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Inland navigation ........................................................................................................................................... 29
Type of vessels ............................................................................................................................................... 30
Rail transport ................................................................................................................................................. 31
Locomotives ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Wagons .......................................................................................................................................................... 31
Ship building ............................................................................................................................................ 32
Major layout of a vessel ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Ship tonnage....................................................................................................................................................... 33
Weight............................................................................................................................................................ 33
Volume ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Freeboard ........................................................................................................................................................... 34
Why building new ships? .................................................................................................................................... 35
2
, Advantages and disadvantages of standard vessels: ........................................................................................ 35
Delivered vessels................................................................................................................................................. 35
Classification of vessels ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Surveys ........................................................................................................................................................... 36
Rail Operations......................................................................................................................................... 37
Port-hinterland versus continental / domestic................................................................................................... 37
Rail network design ............................................................................................................................................ 37
Train operations for intermodal freight ............................................................................................................. 37
Train operating characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 37
Equipment for intermodal rail freight ................................................................................................................ 38
Economics of intermodal rail freight .................................................................................................................. 38
Opportunities to improve ................................................................................................................................... 39
Intermodal road distribution ..................................................................................................................... 39
Pre- and post-haulage ........................................................................................................................................ 40
Urban distribution and intermodal transport .................................................................................................... 40
Inbound logistics and last mile ........................................................................................................................... 41
High capacity transport ...................................................................................................................................... 41
Application to port of Antwerp .......................................................................................................................... 42
Levers for mobility management ....................................................................................................................... 42
Freight initiatives ................................................................................................................................................ 42
Road transport towards 24/7 ............................................................................................................................. 42
Inland waterway operations ..................................................................................................................... 42
Inland navigation network ................................................................................................................................. 43
Fleet statistics ..................................................................................................................................................... 43
Inland waterway transport and terminal operations ........................................................................................ 44
Transport of pallets ............................................................................................................................................ 44
Extended gate concept ....................................................................................................................................... 44
Inland waterways management operations ...................................................................................................... 45
Terminals ............................................................................................................................................................ 45
Inland waterways logistics Management operations ........................................................................................ 45
Challenges .......................................................................................................................................................... 46
In port of Antwerp .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Maritime access ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Demand side ....................................................................................................................................................... 47
3
, Supply side .......................................................................................................................................................... 48
What happens when a ship calls at the port of Antwerp? ................................................................................. 48
A ship passing through locks .............................................................................................................................. 48
The port interface..................................................................................................................................... 50
Transport interchange points ............................................................................................................................. 50
Defining a seaport .............................................................................................................................................. 51
Functions of a polyvalent seaport ...................................................................................................................... 51
Evolution of the functions of a polyvalent seaport ....................................................................................... 51
Transport and handling function ................................................................................................................... 52
Storage, distribution and logistical function.................................................................................................. 52
Industrial function.......................................................................................................................................... 53
Knowledge and information .......................................................................................................................... 53
Terminals in a port context ................................................................................................................................ 53
Waterside operations ......................................................................................................................................... 54
Yard operations .................................................................................................................................................. 54
Landside operations ........................................................................................................................................... 54
Different types of ports ...................................................................................................................................... 55
Terminal types .................................................................................................................................................... 55
Port management .............................................................................................................................................. 55
Economic importance of the port of Antwerp .................................................................................................... 56
Physical characteristics of a seaport The maritime foreland ............................................................................. 56
Land inwards located ports............................................................................................................................ 57
Connections with the hinterland ................................................................................................................... 57
Session on trends ..................................................................................................................................... 58
Future of ships .................................................................................................................................................... 58
Traffic caused by ports ....................................................................................................................................... 58
Merger of Port of Antwerp and Zeebrugge – effects on traffic and…................................................................ 58
4
