TIMBY Chapter 16 2023 test bank with complete solution

Name four components of body fluid? 1. water 2. chemicals called electrolytes 3. non-electrolytes 4. blood cells List five physiological transport mechanisms for distributing fluid and its constituants? -Fluid and its components are distributed within each fluid compartment by means of Osmosis, Filtration, Passive Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, and Active Transport. Name 10 assessments that provide data about a clients fluid status? 1. measuring a clients intake and output 2. obtaining daily weights 3. vital signs 4. monitoring bowel elimination pattern and stool characteristics 5. observing the color of urine and assessing skin turgor 6. condition of the oral mucous membranes 7. lung sounds 8. level of consciousness 9. Describe three methods for maintaining or restoring fluid volume? 1. Treating the underlying disorder 2. increasing oral intake 3. administering IV fluid replacements 4. Controlling fluid losses or a combination of these measures. Describe four methods for reducing fluid volume? -Fluid volume excess is reduced or eliminated by: 1. treating the underlying disorder 2. restricting or limiting oral fluids 3. reducing salt consumption 4. discontinuing IV fluid infusions or reducing the infusion volume 5. administering drugs that promote urine elimination or a combination of these interventions List six reasons for administering IV fluids? 1. maintain or restore fluid balance 2. maintain or replace electrolytes 3. administer water soluble vitamins 4. provide calories 5. administer drugs 6. replace blood and blood products Differentiate between crystalloid and colloid solutions, and give examples of each? -Crystalloid solutions are a mixture of water and substances such as salt and sugar that totally dissolve. -Colloid solutions are mixtures of water and suspended, undissolved substances such as blood cells. Explain the terms Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic when used in reference to IV solutions? -Isotonic solution has the same concentration of dissolved substances as plasma. -Hypotonic solution has fewer dissolved substances. -Hypertonic solution is more concentrated than plasma. List four factors that affect the choice of tubing used to administer IV solutions? When selecting tubing for administering IV solutions the nurse decides whether: 1. to use primary or secondary tubing 2 vented or unvented 3. which drop size 4. whether a filter is needed. Name three techniques for infusing IV solutions -may be infused by gravity or or with the assistance of an infusion device such as a pump or volumetric controller. Discuss atleast five criteria for selecting a vein when administering IV fluids? -when selecting a vein for venipuncture the nurse gives priority to a vein in the non-dominant hand or arm that is fairly straight, is larger than the needle or catheter guage, is likely to be undisturbed by joint movement, and appears unimpaired by previous trauma or use. List seven complications associated with IV fluid administration? 1. infiltration 2. phlebitis 3. infection 4. circulatory over load 5. thrombus formation 6. pulmonary embolus 7. air embolism Discuss two purposes for inserting an intermittent venous access device? intermittent venous access device is used in clients who require intermittent IV fluid or medication administration or for emergency access to the vascular system. Identify three differences between administering blood and crystalloid solutions? -when administering blood the nurse assesses vital signs before and during the transfusion; uses no smaller than a 20 gauge needle or catheter, normal saline and a Y-set tubing; and infuses the blood within 4 hours or less. Name at least 5 types of transfusion reactions? 1. monitor closely for incompatability 2. febrile 3. septic 4. allergic reactions 5. chilling 6. circulatory overload 7. signs of hypocalcenium Explain the concept of parenteral nutrition? parenteral nutrition is a technique for providing nutrients, such as protein, carbs, fats, vitamins, minerals and trace elements (intravenously rather than orally)