NSG 3100 Exam 1 SUMMARY COMPLETE LATEST 2023

Unit 1: Ch 31: p 612-616 Ch 32: p 640-668 Ch 33: p 669-717 Ch 44: p , , Ch 10: p 144-154 Hand Hygiene:  It is important for both the nurses and the clients hands to be cleaned at the following times to prevent the spread of microorganisms: before eating, after using the bedpan or toilet, and after the hands have come in contact with anybody substances, such as sputum or drainage from a wound.  Health care workers should cleanse their hands before and after giving care of any kind.  For routine client care wash hands for 15 to 20 seconds.  The CDC recommends antimicrobial hand agents when There are known multiple resistant bacteria, before invasive procedures, in special care units such as nurseries and intensive care units and before caring for severely immunocompromised clients.  The CDC promotes the use of alcohol based hand rubs because they kill bacteria more effectively and more quickly than hand washing with soap and water, they are less damaging to the skin than soap and water resulting in less dryness and irritation, they require less time than hand washing with soap and water and bottles and dispensers can be placed at the point of care so they are more accessible.  Proper use of alcohol-based products includes the following steps: o Apply a palm full of product into cupped hand, enough to cover all services of both hands. o Rub palms against palms. o Interlace fingers palm to palm. o Rub palms to back of hands. o Rub all surfaces of each finger with opposite hand. o Continue until product is dry- about 20-30 seconds.  Home care considerations o Keep fingernails clean, short, and well-trimmed. o Perform hand hygiene carefully before and after any hands-on care. o If there is no running water, use commercially available hand hygiene agents that require no water. o Always turn the water off with a dry paper towel. Hygiene:  Hygiene is a science of health and its maintenance.  Personal hygiene is the self-care by which people attend to such functions as bathing, toileting, general body hygiene, and grooming.  Early morning care o Provided to clients as they awaken in the morning.  Morning care NSG 3100 Exam 1 SUMMARY COMPLETE LATEST 2023 o Provided after clients have breakfast, although it may be provided before breakfast. It usually includes providing for elimination needs, a bath or shower, perineal care, back massages, and oral, nail, and hair care.  Hour of sleep or PM care o Provided to clients before they retire for the night. It usually involves providing for elimination needs, washing face and hands, giving oral care, and giving a back massage.  PRN care o provided as required by the client.  Assessing o A nursing health history to determine the client’s skin care practices, self-care abilities, and past or current skin problems. o Physical assessment of the skin.  Nursing History o Assessment of the client’s self-care abilities determines the amount of nursing assistance and the type of bath best suited for the client. o Important considerations include  Client’s balance  Ability to sit unsupported  Activity tolerance  Coordination  Adequate muscle strength  Appropriate joint ROM  Vision  Client’s preferences  Cognition and motivation are ESSENTIAL. o It is important for the nurse to determine each client's functional level and to maintain and promote as much client independence as possible. This enables the nurse to identify a client’s potential for growth and rehabilitation. o The presence of password current skin problems alerts the nurse to specific nursing interventions or referrals the client may require. o Common Skin Problems  Abrasion- Superficial layers of the scanner scrape or rubbed away. Area is red and may have localized bleeding or serious weeping.  Excessive Dryness- Skin can appear flaky and rough.  Ammonia Dermatitis (Diaper Rash)- Caused by skin bacteria reacting with urea in the urine. The skin becomes red and is sore.  Acne- Inflammatory