WCU Patho 370 Test 1 Questions and Answers 2023.

WCU Patho 370 Test 1 Questions and Answers 2023.  Question 1 0.125 out of 0.125 points All the following stress-induced hormones increase blood glucose except Selected Answer: c. aldosterone. Correct Answer: c. aldosterone. Response Feedback: Aldosterone results in water and sodium retention and potassium loss in the urine. It does not affect blood glucose. Cortisol is a glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex. Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver, thus increasing blood glucose. Norepinephrine inhibits insulin secretion, thus increasing blood sugar. Epinephrine increases glucose release from the liver and inhibits insulin secretion, thus increasing blood glucose.  Question 2 0 out of 0.125 points The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells is Selected Answer: c. Rb. Correct Answer: b. P53. Response Feedback: The most common tumor-suppressor gene defect identified in cancer cells involves P53. More than half of all types of human tumors lack functional P53, which inhibits cell cycling. Rb, DC, and APC are not the most common tumor-suppressor gene defects identified in cancer cells.  Question 3 0.125 out of 0.125 points Necrotic death of brain tissue usually produces _____ necrosis. Selected Answer: d. liquefactive Correct Answer: d. liquefactive WCU Patho 370 Test 1 Questions & Answers 2023 Response Feedback: Liquefactive necrosis is produced when brain tissue dies, as it is rich in enzymes and has little connective tissue. Coagulative necrosis occurs from ischemic injury in any tissue. Caseous necrosis occurs in lung tissue damaged by tuberculosis. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose (fat) tissue.  Question 4 0.125 out of 0.125 points Your patient eats “lots of fat,” leads a “stressful” life, and has smoked “about two packs a day for the last 40 years.” Her chronic morning cough recently worsened, and she was diagnosed with a lung mass. The most likely contributing factor for development of lung cancer in this patient is Selected Answer: b. cigarette smoking. Correct Answer: b. cigarette smoking. Response Feedback: The most likely contributing factor for the development of lung cancer is cigarette smoking. Tobacco smoke contains hundreds of compounds, many of which have known genotoxicity and probably serve as initiators. Tobacco smoke also contains promoters, which spur the mutant cells to proliferate. Although a high-fat diet, urban pollutants, and a stressful lifestyle have been implicated in some types of cancer, they are not the likely contributing factor in your patient’s lung cancer.  Question 5 0.125 out of 0.125 points In general, with aging, organ size and function Selected Answer: a. decrease. Correct Answer: a. decrease. Response Feedback: In general, with aging, organ size and function decrease.  Question 6 0.125 out of 0.125 points The hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer is thought to be because of Selected Answer: a. tumor necrosis factor. Correct Answer: a. tumor necrosis factor. Response Feedback: Production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other immune cytokines is thought to be important in producing the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in cancer. Angiogenesis is the development of new blood vessels to feed the tumor; it is not a cause of the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer. Loss of ATP production and pain medications is not causes of the hypermetabolic state leading to cachexia in terminal cancer.  Question 7 0.125 out of 0.125 points An increase in organ size and function caused by increased workload is termed Selected Answer: d. hypertrophy. Correct Answer: d. hypertrophy. Response Feedback: Increased function of an organ such as the heart or skeletal muscle results in organ hypertrophy because of cellular enlargement. Atrophy refers to reduction in size of an organ because of cellular shrinkage. Metaplasia refers to replacement of one differentiated cell type with another. Inflammation results from immune response rather than workload.  Question 8 0.125 out of 0.125 points The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is referred to as Selected Answer: c. subclinical. Correct Answer: c. subclinical. Response Feedback: The stage during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established, is called the subclinical stage. The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the first appearance of signs and symptoms may be called a latent period or, in the case of infectious diseases, an incubation period. The prodromal period, or prodrome, refers to the appearance of the first signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.  Question 9 0.125 out of 0.125 points Selye’s three phases of the stress response include all the following except Selected Answer: d. allostasis. Correct Answer: d. allostasis. Response Feedback: Allostasis is defined as the ability to successfully adapt to challenges. Allostasis may/may not occur in response to stress. Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion are the three phases of the stress response as described by Selye in the general adaptation syndrome.  Question 10 0.125 out of 0.125 points After surgery to remove a lung tumor, your patient is scheduled for chemotherapy, which will Selected Answer: a. kill rapidly dividing cells. Correct Answer: a. kill rapidly dividing cells. Response Feedback: Chemotherapy kills rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy does not selectively kill tumor cells, but affects all rapidly dividing cells. Chemotherapy has many damaging side effects. Immunotherapy uses the power of the immune system and has the potential for targeting cancer cells.