BIOL 235 Midterm Exam 2 With Complete Solution(100% Verified)
185 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
1. between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - ✔✔Origin
2. What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - ✔✔specific movements of the body the
actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are
switched
3. What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - ✔✔if the load is closer to the
fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move
the load
4. Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - ✔✔fulcrum
5. Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
✔✔contract, relax
6. What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - ✔✔synergists
7. What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - ✔✔Compartment
8. Origin an insertion of the masseter - ✔✔Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
9. What is the origin of the deltoid ? - ✔✔acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
10. What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - ✔✔semimebranosous, semitendinosus,
biceps femoris
,11. What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - ✔✔rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,
vastus intermedialis
12. What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies?
- ✔✔Ganglia
13. The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - ✔✔skeletal
14. Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
✔✔Sympathetic
15. What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
✔✔electrical excitability
16. What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found in
brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - ✔✔Multipolar
17. What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found in the
retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - ✔✔Bipolar
18. What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous
process that emerges from the cell body? - ✔✔Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
19. The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater -
✔✔astrocytes
20. What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
, 3. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
4. play a role in hearing and memory - ✔✔Astrocytes
21. What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well as are
responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - ✔✔Oligodendrocytes
22. What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like projections as
well as act as phagocytes? - ✔✔Microglial Cells
23. What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that possess
microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF -
✔✔Ependymal Cells
24. What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - ✔✔Schwann and satellite cells
25. What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - ✔✔lower motor neurons
26. What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - ✔✔Resting membrane potential
27. Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - ✔✔More
28. What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the membrane ? -
✔✔decremental conduction
29. What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites, cell bodies, and
axons of all types of neurons? - ✔✔Leak channels
185 Questions with 100% Correct Answers
1. between the origin and insertion which is usually located proximally in limbs ? - ✔✔Origin
2. What happens during REVERSE MUSCLE ACTION? - ✔✔specific movements of the body the
actions are reversed THEREFOR the positions of the origin and insertion of a muscle are
switched
3. What is a mechanical advantage using the example of a lever? - ✔✔if the load is closer to the
fulcrum and the effort is farther from the fulcrum only a small about of effort is needed to move
the load
4. Bones serve as levers and joints serve as ________ for the lever - ✔✔fulcrum
5. Agonist (Prime Movers) _________ muscles while antagonist ____________ muscles -
✔✔contract, relax
6. What are muscles that contract and stabilize the intermediate joints called? - ✔✔synergists
7. What is a group of skeletal muscles, their blood vessels, and nerves called? - ✔✔Compartment
8. Origin an insertion of the masseter - ✔✔Origin = maxilla and zygomatic arch
Insertion = angle and ramus of the mandible
9. What is the origin of the deltoid ? - ✔✔acromial extremity of clavicle, acromion, and spine of
scapula
10. What are the 3 muscles that make up the hamstring ? - ✔✔semimebranosous, semitendinosus,
biceps femoris
,11. What 4 muscles make up the Quads ? - ✔✔rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis,
vastus intermedialis
12. What do you call a small mass of nervous tissue that is made up primarily of neuron cell bodies?
- ✔✔Ganglia
13. The somatic nervous system only sends impulses to ________ muscles - ✔✔skeletal
14. Fight or Flight is associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system? -
✔✔Sympathetic
15. What is the ability to respond to a stimulus and convert it into an action potential? -
✔✔electrical excitability
16. What type of neurons usually have several dendrite and on axon , and are norm ally found in
brain and spinal cord as well as motor neurons? - ✔✔Multipolar
17. What type of neurons have one main dendrite and one axon as well as are primarily found in the
retina of the eye, inner ear, and the olfactory area of brain? - ✔✔Bipolar
18. What type of neurons has dendrites and one axon that are fused together to form a continuous
process that emerges from the cell body? - ✔✔Unipolar or Pseudounipolar
19. The processes of ________ make contact with blood capillaries, neurons, and the pia mater -
✔✔astrocytes
20. What neuroglia has these functions?
1. contain microfilaments that give them strength and allow them to support neurons
2. contributes to the effectiveness of BBB
3.in embyro, they secret chemicals that regulate things
, 3. help maintain an appropriate chemical environment for nerve impulse generation
4. play a role in hearing and memory - ✔✔Astrocytes
21. What neuroglia resemble astrocytes but are smaller and contain fewer processes as well as are
responsible fro forming nd maintiang myelin sheath? - ✔✔Oligodendrocytes
22. What neuroglia are small cells with slender processes that give them a spine like projections as
well as act as phagocytes? - ✔✔Microglial Cells
23. What type of neurglia cells are cuboidal and columanr arranged in a single layer that possess
microvilli and cilia? they produce and possibly monitor and assist in the circulation of CSF -
✔✔Ependymal Cells
24. What are the 2 types of neuroglia in the PNS? - ✔✔Schwann and satellite cells
25. What type of motor neuron directly supplies skeletal muscle fibers? - ✔✔lower motor neurons
26. What do all of these factors contribute to?
1. unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol
2. inability of most anions to leave the cells
3. electrogenic nature of the sodium potassium ATPases - ✔✔Resting membrane potential
27. Hyperpolarized cells are _______ negative inside ? - ✔✔More
28. What mode of travel by which graded potentials die out as they spread along the membrane ? -
✔✔decremental conduction
29. What kind of ion channels are found in nearly all cells, including dendrites, cell bodies, and
axons of all types of neurons? - ✔✔Leak channels
