Keeping up the Standards
Titrations
The experiment aims to find out the concentration of an unknown solution .
Titration Introduction:
Titration is a process of determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a
solution of known concentration.
In this experiment, hydrochloric acid is used to react sodium carbonate until it becomes
neutral.
Use of titration:
Titration is used in industry to find out the concentration of unknown solutions.
Equation:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Abstract:
A standard sodium carbonate solution was prepared by weighing out 2.65g of anhydrous
sodium carbonate. It was then transferred to a beaker and dissolved in water. The solution
was then transferred to a volumetric flask (250 cm 3) The mixture was then mixed and
labelled.
This standard solution was used to standardise hydrochloric acid and 0.1 mol/dm -3 were
determined.
Risk Assessment:
Substance Hazard Damage Prevention
Hydrochloric acid Redness, Handle with care.
(HCl) discomfort, and Wear a lab coat. Put
severe skin burns on gloves and safety
can result from skin goggles. Do not
contact. The eye inhale the vapour or
Corrosive may suffer from mist. Avoid eating or
severe burns and drinking in the lab.
long-term damage.
If inhaled, it is
poisonous and could
, Toxic irritate the lungs.
Irritant
Sodium carbonate Having trouble Handle with care.
(Na2CO3) breathing when Wear a lab coat. Put
sodium carbonate is on gloves and safety
inhaled, serious goggles. Do not
Irritant respiratory inhale the vapour or
problems. mist. Avoid eating or
Stomach upset or drinking in the lab.
digestive tract may
become severely
irritated if you
accidentally swallow
sodium carbonate.
Oral, chest, or
abdominal pain; skin
or eye irritation.
Indicator Prolong exposure Handle with care.
(Phenolphthalein) with high Wear a lab coat. Put
phenolphthalein on gloves and safety
concentrations can goggles. Do not
Flammable cause skin rashes, inhale the vapour or
vomiting, comas, mist. Avoid eating or
and even death. drinking in the lab.
In addition to this,
exposure to
phenolphthalein
Health may cause
hazard (harmful) respiratory tract
irritation, eye
irritation, skin
irritation,
gastrointestinal
fever, and blood
pressure to rise.
Equipment (glass Explode in elevated Handle with care.
breakage) temperature, Keep the working
alkaline conditions. are clear and the
May cause injuries, surface clean.
lead to infection.
Health Spillage can cause
hazard (harmful) severe damage to
Titrations
The experiment aims to find out the concentration of an unknown solution .
Titration Introduction:
Titration is a process of determining the concentration of an unknown solution using a
solution of known concentration.
In this experiment, hydrochloric acid is used to react sodium carbonate until it becomes
neutral.
Use of titration:
Titration is used in industry to find out the concentration of unknown solutions.
Equation:
Na2CO3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)
Abstract:
A standard sodium carbonate solution was prepared by weighing out 2.65g of anhydrous
sodium carbonate. It was then transferred to a beaker and dissolved in water. The solution
was then transferred to a volumetric flask (250 cm 3) The mixture was then mixed and
labelled.
This standard solution was used to standardise hydrochloric acid and 0.1 mol/dm -3 were
determined.
Risk Assessment:
Substance Hazard Damage Prevention
Hydrochloric acid Redness, Handle with care.
(HCl) discomfort, and Wear a lab coat. Put
severe skin burns on gloves and safety
can result from skin goggles. Do not
contact. The eye inhale the vapour or
Corrosive may suffer from mist. Avoid eating or
severe burns and drinking in the lab.
long-term damage.
If inhaled, it is
poisonous and could
, Toxic irritate the lungs.
Irritant
Sodium carbonate Having trouble Handle with care.
(Na2CO3) breathing when Wear a lab coat. Put
sodium carbonate is on gloves and safety
inhaled, serious goggles. Do not
Irritant respiratory inhale the vapour or
problems. mist. Avoid eating or
Stomach upset or drinking in the lab.
digestive tract may
become severely
irritated if you
accidentally swallow
sodium carbonate.
Oral, chest, or
abdominal pain; skin
or eye irritation.
Indicator Prolong exposure Handle with care.
(Phenolphthalein) with high Wear a lab coat. Put
phenolphthalein on gloves and safety
concentrations can goggles. Do not
Flammable cause skin rashes, inhale the vapour or
vomiting, comas, mist. Avoid eating or
and even death. drinking in the lab.
In addition to this,
exposure to
phenolphthalein
Health may cause
hazard (harmful) respiratory tract
irritation, eye
irritation, skin
irritation,
gastrointestinal
fever, and blood
pressure to rise.
Equipment (glass Explode in elevated Handle with care.
breakage) temperature, Keep the working
alkaline conditions. are clear and the
May cause injuries, surface clean.
lead to infection.
Health Spillage can cause
hazard (harmful) severe damage to
