Midterm Review
PO102
Module 1: Intro to Politics Beyond Borders
Survival as a multilayered consideration
- Survival as a multilayered consideration refers to the idea that survival is not just
about physical survival but also involves other various factors that contribute to a
person's overall well being
- Factors include: economic, social, emotional and psychological factors
- Example: a person could physically survive a natural disaster or other traumatic
events but may still face challenges related to access to food/shelter/healthcare as
well as emotion/psychological effects from the experience
- Survival is viewed as a complex and multifaceted issue this approach considers nt
only immediate need for survival but also long-term impacts of
event/experiences on individuals/communities
Types of argumentation;
Polemical - term that refers to a manner of writing and speaking that is
argumentative/controversial/hostile
- The author takes a strong stance on particular issues and seeks to convince
readers the validity of their viewpoint
- Typically done through persuasive language evidence and refutations of opposing
viewpoint
- Polemics often arise when there's a disagreement or conflict over certain issues
, Midterm Review
PO102
- Purpose: to influence the opinions and beliefs of others in order to win the
argument
- Polemics can be found in various forms of media including
writing/speech/debate
- The goal is to present a clear and convincing argument in support of ones
position and to undermine the arguments opponents
- The effectiveness of polemics depends on factors, the clarity and strength of the
argument, the credibility of the author and the persuasiveness of the language
used
- The audiences prior knowledge and attitudes on the issue can also influence the
effectiveness of a polemical piece
Partisan (politicians) - refers to a person who strongly supports one
particular political party/ideology/cause
- Partisans are often characterized by their strong commitment to their beliefs and
tend to view political issues and events in terms of how they impact their
preferred party/ideology/cause
- In political context, partisanship can influences one's opinions, voting behavior
and even their relationship with others
- Example: a partisan might only associate with people who share their political
views, avoid political convos with those who don’t and only seek out news sources
that align with their perspective
, Midterm Review
PO102
- Partisan can also play a role in shaping public opinion and policy outcomes
- Example: when 1 political party holds a majority in a legislative body, they
usually are more likely to pass legislation that aligns with their party's platform
- In a highly partisan environment, it can be more difficult for opposing parties to
work together and compromise on key issues
Political science - political science is a social science discipline that studies
the theory and practice of politics and the analysis of political systems,
behavior and institutions
- Goal: to understand political phenomena including the processes and outcomes
of political decision-making / relationships between government and citizens /
distribution of power and influence within a society
- Political scientists use a variety of methodologies which includes comparative
analysis/statistical analysis/case studies/theoretical models to study politics and
workings of political systems
- Political science is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing on concepts/theories from
fields like sociology, psychology, economics, and international relations
- Work in political science can inform policy-making and the development of
political institutions EX: political scientists may study the effectiveness of
different voting systems, the impact of political campaigns on voter behavior, or
the reasons behind political polarization
PO102
Module 1: Intro to Politics Beyond Borders
Survival as a multilayered consideration
- Survival as a multilayered consideration refers to the idea that survival is not just
about physical survival but also involves other various factors that contribute to a
person's overall well being
- Factors include: economic, social, emotional and psychological factors
- Example: a person could physically survive a natural disaster or other traumatic
events but may still face challenges related to access to food/shelter/healthcare as
well as emotion/psychological effects from the experience
- Survival is viewed as a complex and multifaceted issue this approach considers nt
only immediate need for survival but also long-term impacts of
event/experiences on individuals/communities
Types of argumentation;
Polemical - term that refers to a manner of writing and speaking that is
argumentative/controversial/hostile
- The author takes a strong stance on particular issues and seeks to convince
readers the validity of their viewpoint
- Typically done through persuasive language evidence and refutations of opposing
viewpoint
- Polemics often arise when there's a disagreement or conflict over certain issues
, Midterm Review
PO102
- Purpose: to influence the opinions and beliefs of others in order to win the
argument
- Polemics can be found in various forms of media including
writing/speech/debate
- The goal is to present a clear and convincing argument in support of ones
position and to undermine the arguments opponents
- The effectiveness of polemics depends on factors, the clarity and strength of the
argument, the credibility of the author and the persuasiveness of the language
used
- The audiences prior knowledge and attitudes on the issue can also influence the
effectiveness of a polemical piece
Partisan (politicians) - refers to a person who strongly supports one
particular political party/ideology/cause
- Partisans are often characterized by their strong commitment to their beliefs and
tend to view political issues and events in terms of how they impact their
preferred party/ideology/cause
- In political context, partisanship can influences one's opinions, voting behavior
and even their relationship with others
- Example: a partisan might only associate with people who share their political
views, avoid political convos with those who don’t and only seek out news sources
that align with their perspective
, Midterm Review
PO102
- Partisan can also play a role in shaping public opinion and policy outcomes
- Example: when 1 political party holds a majority in a legislative body, they
usually are more likely to pass legislation that aligns with their party's platform
- In a highly partisan environment, it can be more difficult for opposing parties to
work together and compromise on key issues
Political science - political science is a social science discipline that studies
the theory and practice of politics and the analysis of political systems,
behavior and institutions
- Goal: to understand political phenomena including the processes and outcomes
of political decision-making / relationships between government and citizens /
distribution of power and influence within a society
- Political scientists use a variety of methodologies which includes comparative
analysis/statistical analysis/case studies/theoretical models to study politics and
workings of political systems
- Political science is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing on concepts/theories from
fields like sociology, psychology, economics, and international relations
- Work in political science can inform policy-making and the development of
political institutions EX: political scientists may study the effectiveness of
different voting systems, the impact of political campaigns on voter behavior, or
the reasons behind political polarization
