, Problem solving
Lect 15, week 9
problem - raised for
inquiry consideration or solution
question
,
L the
gap between a current state and a desired state (
,
goals,
specification of how to there
without a get
-priori
an
order human
mental function
solving =
ű
Higher -
problem
s
uniquely
well defined
and steps to follow are
goal clearly
.
-defined
often used
algorithms
Ls
for
1 not or tofollow
one unique goallsolution and steps are not
ll-defined:
well defined
L
.
requires creativity 1 out of the box
thinking I hevristics
,
Meuristics = rules of thumb based on experience lead to solution
,
guaranteed
be effecient r effective
can best solution -
,
- -
Algorithm = number of steps that guarantee finding the best solution
finite
,
if it exists
L
.
Effective can inefficient
be is more complex takes more effort
.
,
,
,
strategies to solve problems
:
1. RESTRUCTURING GESTALT APPROACH Le Köhler 1
.g.
g29)
,
often lies
* in now its presented
roblem
* solution
restructuring reorganisation of the problem
-
:
of the problem in
thinking
Ls new
way
a
EVIBENCE
:
*
Reorganisation leads to sudden insight
....
I
* ( Eureka
!)
Aha-Erlebris,
* incubation helps
t
sudden h
comprehension a
realisation or problem solution
t
insight
,
of
involves
reorganisation of the esements person
probsemen
a a
toeßasbanar
's
osommige
mental representation of a stimulus situation or event to
,
yield obvious or dominant interpetation
."
a non non
Ls Kounios e Beeman 2074, P 74.
.
,
W
, incubation facilitate
e sleep insignt
aside
I Forgetting
L .
when a problem is set the subconscious mind continues to worl
.
,
misleading info
insightslapproa
strategies make room for thes new
,
.
priorknorledgeT
Representational change theory perception
* constraint relaxation inhibitions on what is
regarded I I
t
:
removed
problem
representational
as
Bermissible are representation
change
.
*
re some aspect of the problem representation î î
-encoding:
neßeaked
is reinterpreted searst -> lonspasse
.
failure
* Elaboration new problem information is added to
t
:
solution
the representation .
2. MEANS ANALYSIS
-END
* stepwise approach a
used as tidon guarantee
mostly solution
't
)
that the gap between
* befine a
subgoal seems to diminish current and
goal state
3. ANALOGY
related to before
*
something you seen
've
* Three steps
:
the relationship ( story
1.
Noticing analogous "
target problem
source
).
2.
Mapping the separate points from one problem to the next
.
to find the solution problem
3.
Applying the
mapping to the
target
.
problems when
solving problems
* functional fixedness fixation standard of product
on
usage a
:
Ls obstructs representation
* fixed mental
set to use a
previously successful problem solving
:continuing
strategy when its in appropriate sub
I
even
,
-optimal.
to be solved with few
it allows problems of same
type rapidly processing
,
* lack of expertise ess knowledge corganized less time for
analyzing
:
L half done
begunwell is
L
"
,
memory
and skill can
give advantage i
,
Lect 15, week 9
problem - raised for
inquiry consideration or solution
question
,
L the
gap between a current state and a desired state (
,
goals,
specification of how to there
without a get
-priori
an
order human
mental function
solving =
ű
Higher -
problem
s
uniquely
well defined
and steps to follow are
goal clearly
.
-defined
often used
algorithms
Ls
for
1 not or tofollow
one unique goallsolution and steps are not
ll-defined:
well defined
L
.
requires creativity 1 out of the box
thinking I hevristics
,
Meuristics = rules of thumb based on experience lead to solution
,
guaranteed
be effecient r effective
can best solution -
,
- -
Algorithm = number of steps that guarantee finding the best solution
finite
,
if it exists
L
.
Effective can inefficient
be is more complex takes more effort
.
,
,
,
strategies to solve problems
:
1. RESTRUCTURING GESTALT APPROACH Le Köhler 1
.g.
g29)
,
often lies
* in now its presented
roblem
* solution
restructuring reorganisation of the problem
-
:
of the problem in
thinking
Ls new
way
a
EVIBENCE
:
*
Reorganisation leads to sudden insight
....
I
* ( Eureka
!)
Aha-Erlebris,
* incubation helps
t
sudden h
comprehension a
realisation or problem solution
t
insight
,
of
involves
reorganisation of the esements person
probsemen
a a
toeßasbanar
's
osommige
mental representation of a stimulus situation or event to
,
yield obvious or dominant interpetation
."
a non non
Ls Kounios e Beeman 2074, P 74.
.
,
W
, incubation facilitate
e sleep insignt
aside
I Forgetting
L .
when a problem is set the subconscious mind continues to worl
.
,
misleading info
insightslapproa
strategies make room for thes new
,
.
priorknorledgeT
Representational change theory perception
* constraint relaxation inhibitions on what is
regarded I I
t
:
removed
problem
representational
as
Bermissible are representation
change
.
*
re some aspect of the problem representation î î
-encoding:
neßeaked
is reinterpreted searst -> lonspasse
.
failure
* Elaboration new problem information is added to
t
:
solution
the representation .
2. MEANS ANALYSIS
-END
* stepwise approach a
used as tidon guarantee
mostly solution
't
)
that the gap between
* befine a
subgoal seems to diminish current and
goal state
3. ANALOGY
related to before
*
something you seen
've
* Three steps
:
the relationship ( story
1.
Noticing analogous "
target problem
source
).
2.
Mapping the separate points from one problem to the next
.
to find the solution problem
3.
Applying the
mapping to the
target
.
problems when
solving problems
* functional fixedness fixation standard of product
on
usage a
:
Ls obstructs representation
* fixed mental
set to use a
previously successful problem solving
:continuing
strategy when its in appropriate sub
I
even
,
-optimal.
to be solved with few
it allows problems of same
type rapidly processing
,
* lack of expertise ess knowledge corganized less time for
analyzing
:
L half done
begunwell is
L
"
,
memory
and skill can
give advantage i
,
