Lewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing in Canada, 4th Canadian Edition Complete All Chapters 1-72

Lewis: Medical-Surgical Nursing in Canada, 4th Canadian Edition Complete All Chapters 1-72. Which of the following best explains the nurses’ primary use of the nursing process when providing care to clients? a. To explain nursing interventions to other health care professionals b. As a problem-solving tool to identify and treat clients’ health care needs c. As a scientific-based process of diagnosing the client’s health care problems d. To establish nursing theory that incorporates the biopsychosocial nature of humans ANS: B The nursing process is an assertive problem-solving approach to the identification and treatment of clients’ problems. Diagnosis is only one phase of the nursing process. The primary use of the nursing process is in client care, not to establish nursing theory or explain nursing interventions to other health care professionals. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation 3. The nurse is caring for a critically ill client in the intensive care unit and plans an every 2-hour turning schedule to prevent skin breakdown. Which type of nursing function is demonstrated with this turning schedule? a. Dependent b. Cooperative c. Independent d. Collaborative ANS: D NU RS IN GT B.CO M When implementing collaborative nursing actions, the nurse is responsible primarily for monitoring for complications of acute illness or providing care to prevent or treat complications. Independent nursing actions are focused on health promotion, illness prevention, and client advocacy. A dependent action would require a physician order to implement. Cooperative nursing functions are not described as one of the formal nursing functions. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Implementation 4. The nurse is caring for a client who has been admitted to the hospital for surgery and tells the nurse, “I do not feel right about leaving my children with my neighbour.” Which action should the nurse take next? a. Reassure the client that these feelings are common for parents. b. Have the client call the children to ensure that they are doing well. c. Call the neighbour to determine whether adequate childcare is being provided. d. Gather more data about the client’s feelings about the childcare arrangements. ANS: D Since a complete assessment is necessary in order to identify a problem and choose an appropriate intervention, the nurse’s first action should be to obtain more information. The other actions may be appropriate, but more assessment is needed before the best intervention can be chosen. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment 5. The nurse is caring for a client who has left-sided paralysis as the result of a stroke and assesses a pressure injury on the client’s left hip. Which of the following is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client? a. Impaired physical mobility related to decrease in muscle control (left-sided paralysis) b. Risk for impaired tissue integrity as evidenced by insufficient knowledge about protecting tissue integrity c. Impaired skin integrity related to pressure over bony prominence (impaired circulation) d. Ineffective tissue perfusion related to sedentary lifestyle ANS: C The client’s major problem is the impaired skin integrity as demonstrated by the presence of a pressure injury. The nurse is able to treat the cause of altered circulation and pressure by frequently repositioning the client. Although left-sided weakness is a problem for the client, the nurse cannot treat the weakness. The “risk for” diagnosis is not appropriate for this client, who already has impaired tissue integrity. The client does have ineffective tissue perfusion, but the impaired skin integrity diagnosis indicates more clearly what the health problem is. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis 6. The nurse caring for a client with an infection has a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume related to excessive diaphoresis. Which of the following is an appropriate client outcome? a. Client has a balanced intake and output. b. Client’s bedding is changed when it becomes damp. NU RS IN GT B.CO M c. Client understands the need for increased fluid intake. d. Client’s skin remains cool and dry throughout hospitalization. ANS: A This statement gives measurable data showing resolution of the problem of deficient fluid volume that was identified in the nursing diagnosis statement. The other statements would not indicate that the problem of deficient fluid volume was resolved. DIF: Cognitive Level: Application TOP: Nursing Process: Planning 7. Which of the following represents a nursing activity that is carried out during the evaluation phase of the nursing process? a. Determining if interventions have been effective in meeting client outcomes b. Documenting the nursing care plan in the progress notes in the medical record c. Deciding whether the client’s health problems have been completely resolved d. Asking the client to evaluate whether the nursing care provided was satisfactory ANS: A Evaluation consists of determining whether the desired client outcomes have been met and whether the nursing interventions were appropriate. The other responses do not describe the evaluation phase. DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation 8. Which of the following would the nurse perform during the assessment phase of the nursing process? a. Obtains data with which to diagnose client problems b. Uses client data to develop priority nursing diagnoses c. Teaches interventions to relieve client health problems d. Assists the client to identify realistic outcomes to health problems ANS: A During the assessment phase, the nurse gathers information about the client. The other responses are examples of the intervention, diagnosis, and planning phases of the nursing process. DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment