PHYS 261 Final Exam Review Questions and answers

PHYS 261 LECTURE FINAL For the following questions, match the level of organization with its definition below. A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions B. the smallest living unit C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner 1) cell B. the smallest living unit 2) tissue A. a collection of similar cells that carry out similar functions 3) organs C. a collection of different tissues that carry out related functions 4) organ systems D. groups of organs functioning in a coordinated manner 5) Nucleic acids are polymers of units called A) ribose. B) bases. C) fatty acids. D) amino acids. E) nucleotides. 6) Cell membranes are said to be A) actively permeable. B) impermeable. C) freely permeable. D) selectively permeable. E) none of the above 7) In humans, only __________ cells have flagella. A) sperm B) intestine lining C) stomach lining D) respiratory tract lining E) two of the above 8) The addition of a phosphate group to a substrate is called __________. The enzyme that catalyzes this reaction is referred to as a __________. A) phosphorylation; kinase B) proteolysis; kinase C) proteolysis; peptidase D) phosphorylation; phosphatase E) None of the above represents the correct terminology. 9) An allosteric modulator binds to A) the active site. B) the product. C) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. D) the surrounding tissue. E) the substrate. 10) Permeability is a property of A) solutes. B) solvents. C) ions. D) membranes. E) proteins. 11) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body? A) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood B) intracellular and plasma C) plasma and interstitial D) interstitial and intracellular E) none of the above 12) Saturation occurs when A) the energy required to move molecules results from a high-energy bond. B) a carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related molecules. C) a preference of a carrier protein for a substance is demonstrated based on the differing affinities of the carrier for the substrates. D) a group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate. E) molecules are moved by the use of vesicles. 13) The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called A) endocytosis. B) exocytosis. C) phagocytosis. D) diffusion. E) active transport. 14) Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is A) continuously reversing its electrical charge. B) positively charged. C) negatively charged. D) electrically neutral. E) positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active. 15) Receptor molecules are located A) in the outer cell membrane. B) in the cytosol. C) in the nucleus. D) B and C E) all of the above 16) When adenylyl cyclase is activated, A) steroids are produced. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) protein kinases are metabolized. E) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. 17) The increasingly forceful uterine contractions that lead to childbirth are an example of A) negative feedback. B) positive feedback. C) effector shutdown. D) receptor activation. E) none of the above 18) When a catecholamine or peptide hormone binds to receptors on the surface of a cell, A) the cell becomes inactive. B) a second messenger appears in the cytoplasm. C) the cell membrane becomes less permeable. D) the hormone is transported to the nucleus where it alters the activity of DNA. E) none of the above 19) When steroid hormones bind to their receptors, A) gene transcription may start or stop. B) protein kinases are activated. C) adenylyl cyclase is activated. D) cyclic nucleotides are formed. E) G proteins are inhibited. 20) The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is A) ACTH. B) growth hormone. C) prolactin. D) FSH. E) TSH. 21) Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the A) somatic motor division. B) peripheral nervous system. C) autonomic nervous system. D) central nervous system. E) enteric nervous system. 22) The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to receive incoming signals are the A) axons. B) cell bodies. C) dendrites. D) somata. E) none of the above 23) The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the A) hillock. B) synapse. C) dendrites. D) nerve. E) collateral. 24) Myelin is formed by A) axons. B) ependymal cells. C) Schwann cells. D) oligodendrocytes. E) C and D 25) The Nernst equation predicts A) the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion. B) the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions. C) extracellular ion concentrations D) intracellular ion concentrations. E) the threshold membrane potential.