BCBA Review Questions 2023 Solved

4 Branches of Behavior Analysis - ANSWER-CASE Conceptual Analysis of Behavior ABA Behavior Service Delivery Experimental Analysis of Bx (EAB) Replication - ANSWER-Reason that science is a self-correcting enterprise Philosophical Doubt - ANSWER-healthy skepticism Parsimony - ANSWER-Helps scientists fit their findings within the field's existing knowledge base Experimentation - ANSWER-Requires manipulating variables so as to see the effects on the dependent variable (DV) Determinism - ANSWER-Lawfulness Empiricism - ANSWER-Requires objective quantification and detailed description of events ABA is a(n) ___________ science. - ANSWER-applied A scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that is practical and applicable is called ______ - ANSWER-ABA 3 Principles of Behavior - ANSWER-PER punishment extinction reinforcement _______ is the highest level of scientific understanding - ANSWER-Control 7 Dimensions of ABA - ANSWER-Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Effective, Generality To achieve a thorough understanding of phenomena under study (in ABA, the phenomena are socially important behaviors) is the purpose of ________ - ANSWER-Science 3 Levels of Scientific Understanding - ANSWER-description, prediction, control AKAs for Prediction - ANSWER-Covariaton, Functional Relation, Correlation AKAs for Hypothetical Constructs - ANSWER-Imaginary Constructs AKAs for Respondent Behavior - ANSWER-reflex reflexive relations unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response (US-UR) Pavlovian Conditioning Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing AKAs for Analytic - ANSWER-Control Experimentation _______ is a philosophy that influenced Skinner to develop operant behavior due to its 3-term contingency - ANSWER-Pragmatism Behaviors that result in the best outcomes are selected and service, which leads to more adaptive repertoires describes _____ - ANSWER-Selectionism When 2 stimuli occur close together in time, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli defines: - ANSWER-Contiguity A ___ is a set collection of knowledge and skills an individual has learned are relevant to a particular task, such as our ABA knowledge - ANSWER-Repertoire 3 Parts of Stimulus Equivalence - ANSWER-RST Reflexivity Symmetry Transitivity Threats are ______ - ANSWER-not punishment What is more common than escape? - ANSWER-Avoidance The two types of overcorrection procedures are: - ANSWER-Restitutional & Positive Practice Reinforcement does not only strengthen rate, but can also strengthen.... - ANSWER-duration, latency, magnitude, and topography ______ is defined as verbal pairing procedure whereby previously neutral stimuli can become conditioned punishers or reinforcers for humans without direct pairing - ANSWER-Verbal Analog Conditioning A _____ is a single instance of behavior - ANSWER-Response Formal - ANSWER-Physical features of stimuli Functional - ANSWER-Effect of the stimulus on the behavior Temporal - ANSWER-Refers to the temporal relationship of antecedents and consequences Behavioral Contrast - ANSWER-The phenomenon when the rate of responding to a stimulus in 1 setting changes when the condition of reinforcement in the other setting gets modified Negative Reinforcement - ANSWER-A process that occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the reduction or removal of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions Masking - ANSWER-Even though a stimulus has acquired stimulus control over a behavior, a competing stimulus can block the evocative function of that stimulus. Conditioned Reinforcement - ANSWER-When a previously neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as a reinforcer through stimulus-stimulus pairing with one or more unconditioned or conditioned reinforcers Overshadowing - ANSWER-The presence of one stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus A _____ is a group of behaviors that comprise an operant - ANSWER-Response Class ______ is a group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class - ANSWER-Stimulus Class ______ is an immediate increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction procedure is initially implemented - ANSWER-Extinction Burst ____ is the behavior that diminished during the extinction process recurring even though the behavior has not been reinforced - ANSWER-Spontaneous Recovery 5 Types of Positive Punishment Interventions - ANSWER-ROSER Reprimands Overcorrection Shock/Contingent Electrical Stimulation/ECT Exercise/Contingent Exercise Response Blocking Consequences only affect ____ behavior - ANSWER-future You scratching an insect bite you have on your arm is an example of ______ reinforcement - ANSWER-Automatic With extinction, the individual can still emit the target behavior will not produce reinforcement. This is very different than ____ in which the individual cannot emit the target behavior at all because the procedure calls for preventing the behavior from occurring - ANSWER-Response Blocking There are 2 sub-types of effects of Eos and AOs. One called ____-altering effect, alters the current reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus. - ANSWER-Value ___-altering effect, alters the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same MO - ANSWER-Behavior Name one difference between a rule and contingency-shaped behavior - ANSWER-Immediate v Delayed Consequence two types of negative reinforcement - ANSWER-escape and avoidance AKA for Negative Punishment - ANSWER-Penalty Principle AKA for Automatic Reinforcement - ANSWER-Stereotypy AKA for Behavior-Altering Effect of an EO - ANSWER-Evocative Effect AKA for Positive Reinforcement - ANSWER-Type 1 Reinforcement AKA for Unconditioned Reinforcer - ANSWER-Primary Reinforcer AKA for Behavior Altering Effect of an AO - ANSWER-Abative Effect A form of complex stimulus control in which the role of one Sd is conditional on the presence of other Sds (sometimes an MO) defines: - ANSWER-Conditional Discrimination Surrogate MO - ANSWER-A stimulus that has acquired its effectiveness by accompanying some other MO & has come to have the same value-altering and behaviour-altering effects as the MO that it has accompanied Reflexive MO - ANSWER-A condition or object that acquires its effectiveness as an MO by preceding a situation that either is worsening or is improving. Transitive MO - ANSWER-An environmental variable that establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and thereby evokes (or abates) the behaviour that has been reinforced by that other stimulus Due to a parent only implementing punishment procedures, she finds that her son begins to avoid her. Which of the following best explains this effect? - ANSWER-became a conditioned aversive stimulus When teaching a client to engage in recreational activities, which of the following strategies is least likely to be used when programming for maintenance? - ANSWER-CRF Schedule until no longer preferred Don is a BCBA with a license in Marriage and Family Therapy. Don provides both behavior analysis and marriage therapy to his clients. He is considering hiring a behavior specialist that has no training in Marriage and Family Therapy. Of the following, which is best practice? - ANSWER-Ensure that the new employee only engages in behavior analytic practice. Supervise new employees. Which is likely the best generative instruction strategy? - ANSWER-A student is taught the sounds that each letter and common letter blends make, then the students is assessed on his ability to form and pronounce untaught combinations of those letters. A loud noise elicits the activation syndrome. In the past, a bright light has been paired with a loud noise. Now, a bright light elicits the activation syndrome. What type of relation is this? - ANSWER-CS-CR Trina reviewed a video recording of a student 3 times, and took data on the student's eye contact using a stopwatch, each time she counted 17 seconds. The client actually engaged in 23 seconds of eye contact. The fact that these two numbers don't match is because Trina's measurements lack: - ANSWER-Accuracy Data indicate no progress for a client; however, other members of a school interdisciplinary team state the client seems happy and that the intervention plan should not change. What is the best course of action for the behavior analyst to take? - ANSWER-Continue to make treatment suggestions and decisions based on data Which is a core feature of precision teaching? - ANSWER-Continuously made based upon data that is graphed immediately following student performance. What experimental design should be used if a BCBA wants to test whether a specific consequence is a reinforcer for hand-raising in a classroom and the teacher is willing to remove an effective intervention for a few days to make that determination? - ANSWER-Reversal Which are of behavior analysis have the primary function of developing, training, and implementing behavior plans? - ANSWER-Behavioral Science Delivery What indirect assessment could assist with identifying responses targeted for direct assessment? - ANSWER-Preliminary assessment Adriana's skin often becomes itchy, such that her doctor prescribed a cream that relieves her symptoms immediately upon contact. Once she has experienced its effects. Adriana now applies the cream the moment her skin itch. What most likely maintains her application of cream? - ANSWER-Negative reinforcement Usson would like to use a design that would not require reaching a steady state before moving to the next intervention, but wants to compare the effectiveness of four different interventions. Which design would best fit Usson's requirement's? - ANSWER-Alternating treatments design Kareem's intervention aims to establish a client's appropriate greetings at home and school. Which experimental design would be best to examine functional relations between an increase in his client's appropriate greetings and the intervention? - ANSWER-Multiple baseline design The team is writing goals for a 5 year old, and the responses listed below are considered for target. Which would be the best behavioral cusp to target first? - ANSWER-Manding This type of behaviorism accounts for private events and includes verbal behavior as part of its philosophy. - ANSWER-Radical Behaviorism A student's hand raising is immediately praised by the teacher during class. As a result, the student's hand-raising decreases in subsequent classes. Which of the following best describes the teacher's praise? - ANSWER-A positive punisher Stanley spits food at his peers; his behavior analyst decided to reinforce every time Stanley swallows a bite of food rather than spitting it. What differential reinforcement procedure is this? - ANSWER-DRI Mrs. French has been trained to implement a treatment package with her son. What could the behavior analyst do to see which portions of the package are the most effective at maintaining the current levels of behavior? - ANSWER-Component Analysis It is hypothesized that behavior is maintained by attention. What functional assessment procedure would provide a clear demonstration of a casual relation between behavior and attention? - ANSWER-Functional Analysis Which on is the most critical for assessing stimulus equivalence? - ANSWER-Matching-to-sample Which of the following is critical to demonstrate mastery of the new words? - ANSWER-Prompt fading Which behavioral assessment procedure is not helpful with identifying target responses that need a more direct and thorough assessment? - ANSWER-Functional analysis A client is taught to ask his teacher, "I've completed my work; how does it look?" This prompts the teacher to respond with praise and feedback. What did the behavior analyst program for when he taught this skill? - ANSWER-Maintenance Charlie first withheld food from the client, then maintained the target behavior by consequently delivering food. What did Charlie use with the client? - ANSWER-Positive Reinforcement To maximize the effectiveness of a stimulus as a punisher, the stimulus should be: - ANSWER-Delivered on an FR1 schedule Through the results of a descriptive assessment, Matthew has hypothesized that self-injurious behavior may be maintained by escape. Which philosophical assumption does this best describe? - ANSWER-Determinism BCBA used a withdrawal design to evaluate the effectiveness of a treatment. The use of the withdrawal design exemplifies which dimension of ABA? - ANSWER-Analytic The behavior analyst provided behavior skills training on a treatment for staff to implement. To ensure optimal implementation, what type of data should the behavior analyst collect during treatment sessions? - ANSWER-Procedural integrity Tommy doctor suggested that he slow his pace of eating. Which continuous measurement procedure should be used in order to monitor Tommy's behavior and implement an appropriate behavior plan to help him take bites at a slower pace? - ANSWER-IRT recording A major difference between operant and responding conditioning is that only operant conditioning requires ______ to be successful - ANSWER-Consequences What is Sally measuring if she takes data on how long Carina repeatedly kicks her legs when treading water in the pool? - ANSWER-Duration Rich engages in head-banging. If he banged his head once today, then we would call this instance a: - ANSWER-Response Jasper counted that Felicity sneezed 8 times. Which dimensional quantity of behavior is being measured? - ANSWER-Frequency As I'm standing on top and about to ski down the double black diamond trail, my heart starts to raise, and I make sure my knees are flexed and shift my weight between my edges. In regards to my heart raising, it is likely a: - ANSWER-Respondent Behavior As I'm standing on top and about to ski down the double black diamond trail, my heart starts to raise, and I make sure my knees are flexed and shift my weight between my edges. In regards to shifting my weight between my edges, it is likely a: - ANSWER-operant response Measures that can be recorded on a SCC - ANSWER-rate, latency, and duration The messenger comes every 3 hours to deliver confidential legal briefs that have to be signed in order to receive them. The messenger sticks around for 15 minutes if the clerk is not at his desk. This schedule likely resembles: - ANSWER-FI 3Hr LH .25hr After surgery, morphine is available and administered through the patient's IV every 3 hours when he presses the button. This is likely an: - ANSWER-FI Schedule Resurgance - ANSWER-it's the reappearance of a response that has previously been extinguished due to another recently reinforced response placed on extinction The response that "resurged" and the response place on extinction is likely in ____ - ANSWER-same response class True about spontaneous recovery? - ANSWER-it's the reappearance of the response currently placed on extinction A ____ EO will likely evoke ____ resistance to extinction - ANSWER-weaker/lesser Which reflects behavior in time? - ANSWER-rate, latency, duration There are different buttons available on the panel to press. Whichever button you press, the elevator will take you to that floor. It is the same topography-pressing the button. This is an example of? - ANSWER-Concurrent schedule When Tom sips his cognac, he likes to smoke a cigar. At a dinner party tonight, Tom was given a glass of cognac. Now that Tom has his cognac, he asked the host for a cigar. In regards to asking for a cigar, having the cognac served as a? - ANSWER-CMO-T Faulty stimulus control - ANSWER-irrelevant features controlling the response Timers are available in the classroom to help insure proper delivery of reinforcement as per perscribed. However, timers are often not used consistently by staff. But on this particular day, knowing that the BCBA is about to visit, every single timer was being used by staff. In regards to using timers, the presence of the BCBA served as? - ANSWER-MO A snow storm is occurring in the Northern East Coast of the US. As a result, everyone is charging their electronic devices due to high chances of losing electricity. What are chargers in regards to charging your devices? - ANSWER-SD The therapist says to the child, "Do you want to come to the table to work?" Child responds, "No". The therapist should: - ANSWER-Say, "thanks for letting me know. I see that you are not ready to come to the table". Continuous measurement procedure implies: - ANSWER-every instance of behavior is accounted for during data collection Errorless learning - ANSWER-transfer of stimulus control from prompts to SD and reducing mistakes An example of stimulus control might be viewed as: - ANSWER-compliance Product of measurement: - ANSWER-data Key components of Behavioral Skills Training include: - ANSWER-Instructions, modeling, Role Play, Feedback Teacher presented a toy slightly before presenting a highly preferred toy, allowing for the overlap of both toys. He repeated this procedure to increase the reinforcing properties of the first toy. The procedure used by the teacher best illustrates: - ANSWER-Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing The psychiatrist asked me to fill out several standardized questionnaires and rating scales. In addition, he talked with me and prescribed some medications for me. This approach certainly violates which dimension of ABA? - ANSWER-Behavioral Toby raised his hand in class to volunteer to help. The teacher enthusiastically praised Toby, "you are awesome! such a fine young boy who is always willing to help!" In the future, Toby's hand raising to volunteer decreases. The teacher's praise is a(n): - ANSWER-Punisher Sheldon was taught that determinism means lawful. Sheldon was also taught that behavior is lawful, has cause and effect, and that it doesn't happen out of the blue. Without further teaching, ____ is demonstrated when Sheldon matches "determinism" with "behavior has a cause and effect and that behavior doesn't happen out of the blue" on the exam. - ANSWER-Transitivity Which of the following would strengthen stimulus control? - ANSWER-S->R->S Reducing elopement and PICA by 80% as mastery criteria is likely not adhering to which dimension of ABA? - ANSWER-Effective Skills are not mastered until they are demonstrated across multiple exemplars, people, time, and settings exemplifies which dimension of ABA? - ANSWER-Generality Taking baseline data exemplifies which element of baseline logic? - ANSWER-Prediction Program record, custom teaching plans, and error corrections procedures established and documented exemplifies which dimensions of ABA - ANSWER-Technological The sources of control for behaviors are identified in a functional analysis exemplifies which dimensions of ABA - ANSWER-Analytic IEP goals addressing functional communication, leisure, and adaptive life skills surely is adhering to which dimensions of behavior - ANSWER-Applied BCBA prepared data sheet and described procedures for the teacher to take ABA data. As a result, the teacher took ABC data and got some conditional probability for occurrence of hair twirling. In regards to the current dimensions, we can say that this exemplifies: - ANSWER-Behavioral BCBA prepared data sheet and described procedures for the teacher to take ABA data. As a result, the teacher took ABC data and got some conditional probability for occurrence of hair twirling. In regards to the attitudes of science - ANSWER-None Sue is having trouble identifying the triggers for Tom's problem behaviors. Even though she has not identified the triggers, she understands that behavior do not occur willy-nilly. Which attitudes of science was adhered? - ANSWER-Determinism Sue's FBA consisted of only an indirect assessment. This violated which dimension of ABA? - ANSWER-Behavioral Tim walks into a bar and sees a girl and gives her a compliment. The girl kisses him on the cheek. In the future, Tim does not give compliments to girls in bars. The kiss is likely a: - ANSWER-punisher Although Tom's hitting is at times reinforced by his caregivers, hitting remained low because appropriate manding for attention was reinforced at a denser schedule. This can be explained by: - ANSWER-Matching Law Lawful relations between behaviors and their controlling variables, discovered through EAB - ANSWER-behavior principles