Water Operator Certification Study Material (New Mexico) Latest 2023 Graded A+

Water Operator Certification Study Material (New Mexico) Latest 2023 Graded A+ What is MCL? Maximum Contaminent Level (MCL) A public water system is any system that serves a population greater that or equal to ? 15 services connections or 25 people regulary What is the Maximum total chlorine residual allowed by the Disinfectant-Disinfection By-Prouducts Rule 4 mg/l What type of contaminant is Iron? Secondary Which Primary Contaminant is sometimes added to water supplies to prevent tooth decay? Fluoride The Failure of a public water system to comply with the NM Drinking Water Regulations must be reported to NMED within? 48 hours The MCl for Total Trihalomethanes is? 0.1mg/l SDWA sampling results must be reported to ? New Mexico Enviroment Department (NMED) Ground water systems must sample for inorganic chemicals every? (3) Three Years The SDWA Compliance Cycle for Standardized Monitoring Rule consists of Three? Compliance Periods How many bacterilogical samples(BAC-T) must be taken every month before a system is allowed to have TWO positive samples without violating the drinking water standard? 40 or less then 5% on monthly samples What are the action levels for Lead and Copper? 0.015 mg/l Lead 1.3 mg/l Copper If Bacteriological retakes are done this month what is the minimum number of samples that must be turned in next month? 5 samples if a 3-log removal is required for Giardia Lamblia what percentage of organisms can survive and still meet requirements ? 0.1 % which Primary Inorganic Contaminant poses an immediate health risk? Nitrates Why do Nitrates poses immediate health risk? Pregnant mothers and infants under 18 months can develop a condition known as Blue Baby Syndrome What is Blue Baby Syndrome? The Presence of Nitrates in the bloodstream that reduces oxygen uptake that gives the skin a blue tint Why is Turbidity a Primary Contaminant? It shields harmful bacteria from disinfection processes What is a Nephelometer? Device used to measure NTU's Turbidity is Measured with? Turbidimeter or Nephelometer How Long must chemical sampling results be kept? 10 Years How long must Bacteriological sampling results be kept? 5 years What is the definitioin of a indicator organism? microorganisms whose presence in water indicates probable presence of pathogens (disease-causing organisms). What is Sodium Thiosulphate? white powder used to Neutralize any chlorine that may kill bacteria Why should you Flush sample line before sampling? To insure the water being sampled is from the main and not the customers plumbling Which factor is used to determine how many Bac-t samples must be taken? Number of people served What is the minimim number of Bac-T sample(s) required each month? 1 Anytime the MCL is exceeded and fecal coliform positive results come back from any of the sample(s)? It is a Non-acute violation If Retakes are required this month what is the minimum number of samples required next month? 5 Which bacteria are found only in surface water supplies? Cryptosporidium & Giardia What must be done on a sample form to identify a Bac-T sample is from a well and is not a compliance sample? Checking Speacial Sample on the form and identifying the type of sample in the Remarks line How soon must NMED be notified that a Bacterial MCL has been exceeded? 24 hours what is a indicator organism Coliform group what are the waterborne pathogens found in all water supplies? Typhoid , Cholera , Dysentery , Hepatitis , Paratyphoid (types A & B) what is pathogens Disease causing Bacteria Water is called the ______ solvent? Universal What are the two sources of water ? Ground & Surface What is the word used to identify water that is safe to drink? Potable Water cycles from the atmosphere to the earth and bcak to the atmosphere. what is this natural water cycle called? Hydrologic Cycle As part of the normal water cycle water is lost,or givenup, to the atmosphere by trees and by evaporation from the surface of streams,lakes and oceans. This combined loss is called? Evapotranspiration What is meant by Disinfection? Destruction of Pathogens What are some of the uses fro chlorine other then Disinfection? Removal of Iron & Manganese some kinds of Taste & Odors, and some dissolved gases, such as Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide What are Trihalomethanes? byprouducts of drinking water chlorination. these byprouducts form when chlorine reacts with dissolved natural organic matter, moslty plant life What health risks do Trihalomethanes (THM) cause? Causeproblems with liver, kidney,or central nervous systems, and may increase cancer Risk. Also THMs have possible reprouductive health risks What is used to locate Chlorine leaks? Ammonia Chlorine Gas is ____ time heavier then air? 2.5 times What are Chloramines Chloramines are disinfectants used to treat drinking water. Chloramines are most commonly formed when ammonia is added to chlorine to treat drinking water. The typical purpose of chloramines is to provide longer-lasting water treatment as the water moves through pipes to consumers. This type of disinfection is known as secondary disinfection. If a single Chlorine Cylinder freezes, What is wrong? Feed rate is too high Sodium Hypochlorite is found in which type of chlorine? Bleach Breakpoint chlorination Results in a free chlorine residual If gas is ventiing from the relief valve on a chlorinator where should you look for the problem? The Pressure regulating valve When two ton cylinders are feeding gas and one of them is frosted, what might bw the problem? The feed rate is too high There is low vacuum on the system and the flow rate is low when the rate valve is wide open, what is the problem? The injector is clogged What two acids are formed when Chlorine reacts with water? Hypochlorus acid & Hydrochloric acid What is the Maximum feed rate for a 150 lb Cylinder? 40 lbs per day What additional pieces of equipment will be needed to feed liquefied chlorine gas from a ton cylinder? evaporator Why should chlorine rooms be kept below 120 F degrees? To keep Chlorine cylinders from rupturing from gas expanding Why should chlorine room be kept above 60 F degrees? to keep the chlorine gas forming Chlorine Hydrate also know as "GREEN ICE" To prevent Chlorine cylinders from rupturing when gets too hot the cylinder has what ? Fusible Plugs ... At what tempature does the designed fusible plugs melt? 157 Degrees F Why is Fluoride adde to drinking water? To Prevent tooth decay Which chemicals can be used as sources of fluoride? (dry) Sodium silicofluoride (Liquid) hydrofluorosilic acid What is the optimum concentration of fluoride in water? 0.8-1.2 mg/l What factor is used to determine the optimum dosage of fluoride? Air temperature Liquid fluoride is delivered as? Hydrofluorosilicic acid If a system adds fluoride, fluoride testing should occur? Daily Why is fluoride an Inorganic Primary Contaminant? Causes harder more brittle bones What type of equipment would be used to feed liquid fluoride? Positive displacement diaphragm metering pumps At what percentage does unaccounted-for water become excessive? 10% A corporation stop will be locate? Where the service is attached to the main Which type of valve is best suited for throttling flows? Butterfly Valve When a meter gets worn it will always over register and record water that wasn't used FALSE Water hammer is caused by? Closing a valve too quickly The best way to protect the water supply from contamination by cross-connection is? Air Gap The positive side of the cathodic protection system is the? Cathode A flow meter on a fire line would probably be a? Compound meter When filling a main, the water velocity should never exceed? 1 ft/sec When two storage tanks that serve the same area have different overflow elevations, what type of valve should be included on the lower tank? Altitude Valve How is a compound meter different from other meters? they are composed of two meters///// that can read small flows and large flows What is the procedure for disinfecting water lines? 1.Flush the line. 2 .Disinfect the line. Enough chlorine should be added to create a 50 mg/l dosage with a 5 mg/l residual after 24hours. 3 .Flush the line again 4. After the line is refilled, take BAC-T samples from the line. If negative results come back, the line is ready to be put into service. Why should you never throttle the flow using the hydrant valve on a dry-barrel hydrant? The drain hole will be open and jetting water to undercut the sidewalk and hydrant, anytime the main valve is not completely open. Fire hydrants should never be placed on less than? a 6 inch water line What are two means of determining the chemical stability of water? The Baylis Curve and the Calcium Carbonate Stability Test (Marble Test) What is tuberculation? tuberculation, which is the production of mounds of rust on the inside of the pipe Which type of pipe is not affected by corrosive water? PVC - POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PIPE What is the most common type of residential meter? POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT METERS What are the two types of fire hydrants? wet barrel and dry barrel What should be done before you excavate to make a repair? Contact NMOC (New Mexico One Call), by phone, dial 811. Examples of Mineral Contaminants are Iron ,Manganese, Carbon Dioxide ,Hydro Sulfide What is Turbidity Contaminants Silt & Clay, Suspended Matter That will not readily settle Most Turbidity carry a negative charge causing what A electro-chemical repulsion called Zeta Potential Examples of Inorganic contaminants are Lead, Mercury, Nitrate, Nitrite, Selenium, Arsenic, Radionuclides Examples of Organic contaminants ? Pesticides , Herbicides , Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Volatile Organic Chemicals Examples of Microbiological contaminants are? Bacteria, Virus, & Protozoa Examples of Radiological Contaminants are? Natural or man made sources of Radiation What Is Coagulation ? Definition: A physical & Chemical reaction occurring which results in the formation of insoluable solids (Floc) which settles Violations for Chemical/s Must be reported in 7 Days and records Kept 10 years Violations for Radiological must be reported in 48 hours and records kept 10 years sanitary survey records must be kept 10 years Air stripping will help in removal of? taste and odor problems Head loss for a Rapid sand Filter should not be more then ? 8 feet for a rapid sand filter run time should not exceed a 100 hour run time what determines what water level that is required for water treatment operator population of the water system Chlorine gas flexible feed tubes should be replaced every 6 months what should a flash mixers detention time be 1 to 3 minutes or 5 to 7 feet per second what is Cathodic protection low voltage current through the water in a storage tank which concentrates corrosion on the sacrificial anode