WGU C215 Operations Management, Complete Solution

WGU C215 Operations Management, Complete Solution 3D Printing 3D Printing is three-dimensional printing technology that deposits materials like plastics and metals in thick layers one atop the other with the process gradually building up one layer at a time until the object is produced. A broad view of JIT A philosophy that encompasses the entire organization. lean production/lean systems ABC classification A method for determining level of control and frequency of review of inventory items. A - Typically 20% of the items accounting for 80% of the inventory value. (continuous review) B - Typically an additional 30% of the items accounting for 15% of the inventory value. (periodic review) C - Typically the remaining 50% of the items accounting for only 5% of the inventory value. (two-bin system) Acceptable quality level (AQL) The small percentage of defects that consumers are willing to accept. Acceptance sampling The process of randomly inspecting a sample of goods and deciding whether to accept the entire lot based on the results. Used where inspection is expensive, volume is high, or inspection is destructive. ٭ Action bucket The current time period. Action notices Output from an MRP system that identifies the need for an action to be taken. activity-on-node network diagramming notation that places activities in the nodes and arrows to signify precedence relationships advertising revenue model provides users with information on services and products and provides an opportunity for suppliers to advertise affiliate revenue model companies receive a referral fee for directing business to an affiliate aggregate plan (also called the production plan) includes the budgeted levels of finished products, inventory, backlogs, workforce size, and aggregate production rate needed to support the marketing plan (during the next six to eighteen months) ALDEP and CRAFT computer software packages for designing process layouts allowance factor the amount of time the analyst allows for personal time, fatigue, and unavoidable delays alternative workplace brings work to the worker rather than the worker to the workplace anticipation inventory inventory built in anticipation of future demand application service provider (ASP) sets up and runs ERP systems appraisal costs costs incurred in the process of uncovering defects assemble-to-order strategy produces standard components that can be combined to customer specifications assignable causes of variation causes that can be identified and eliminated Attribute A product characteristic that has a discrete value and can be counted. automated order entry system a method using telephone models to send digital orders to supplier Automation Using machinery to perform work without human operators. Average number of jobs in the system Measures work-in-process inventory. Average outgoing quality (AOQ) The expected proportion of defective items that will be passed to the customer under the sampling plan. Back order Delaying delivery to the customer until the item becomes available. back orders unfilled customer orders Backward integration Owning or controlling sources of raw materials and components. ٭ backward scheduling starts with the due date for an order and works backward to determine the start date for each activity; scheduling method that determines when the job must be started to be done on the due date Balance delay The amount by which the line efficiency falls short of 100 percent. Balance delay (%) = 100 − efficiency batch process a type of process used to produce a small quantity of products in groups or batches based on customer orders or specifications (bakeries, education, and printing shops) behavioral feasibility degree to which the job is intrinsically satisfying to the employee benchmarking studying the business practices of other companies for purposes of comparison best operating level the volume of output that results in the lowest average unit cost beta probability distribution typically represents project activities bill of material (BOM) lists all the subassemblies, component parts, and raw materials that go into an end item and shows the usage quantity of each required block plan schematic showing the placement of resources in a facility; Table that gives the number of trips or units of product moved between any pair of departments. Bottleneck longest task in the process Bottom-round management Consensus management by committees or teams. break-even analysis technique used to compute the amount of goods that must be sold just to cover costs broad view of JIT a philosophy that encompasses the entire organization broad view of the organization tasks and procedures are important only if they meet the company's overall goals bullwhip effect inaccurate or distorted demand information created in the supply chain Business strategy A long-range plan for a business. Business-to-business (B2B) Electronic commerce between businesses. business-to-business e-commerce businesses selling to and buying from other businesses; on-line businesses sell to individual consumers Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce Online businesses sell to individual consumers. Business-to-customers (B2C) Electronic commerce between businesses and their customers. Capacity the maximum output rate that can be achieved by a facility capacity cushion additional capacity added to regular capacity requirements to provide greater flexibility capacity planning the process of establishing the output rate that can be achieved by a facility ٭ capacity planning using overall planning factors (CPOPF) a rough-cut capacity planning technique. MPS items are multiplied by historically determined planning factors for key resources capacity requirements planning (CRP) determines the labor and machine resources needed to fill the open and planned orders generated by the M RP capacity utilization percentage measure of how well available capacity is being used capacity-based options a group of options that allow the firm to change its current operating capacity Capacity-constrained resources Bottleneck caused by inefficient usage. Capital costs The higher of either the cost of the capital or the opportunity cost for the company. Causal models Based on the assumption that the variable being forecast is related to other variables in the environment. cause-and-effect diagram a chart that identifies potential causes of particular quality problems ٭ C-chart A control chart used to monitor the Number of defects per unit. ٭ cell manufacturing placement of dissimilar machines and equipment together to produce a family of products with similar processing requirements Cells Hybrid layouts that create groups of products based on similar processing requirements. chase aggregate plan a planning approach that varies production to meet demand each period checklist a list of common defects and the number of observed occurrences of these defects ٭ Closed-loop MRP An MRP system that includes production planning, master production scheduling, and capacity requirements planning. common causes of variation random causes that cannot be identified ٭ Competitive priorities Capabilities that the operations function can develop in order to give a company a competitive advantage in its market. components parts or subassemblies used in the final product Computer-aided design (CAD) A system that uses computer graphics to design new products. Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) A term used to describe the integration of product design, process planning, and manufacturing using an integrated computer system. Concurrent engineering An approach that brings together multifunction teams in the early phase of product design in order to simultaneously design the product and the process. conformance to specifications how well a product or service meets the targets and tolerances determined by its designers Consumer's risk The chance of accepting a lot that contains a greater number of defects than the LTPD limit. continuous improvement (kaizen)