CSET Spanish Subtest 2 with correct answers 100% 2023

CSET Spanish Subtest 2 with correct answers 100% 2023Spain today (politics, economy, geography, culture) -Democracy under parliamentary constitutional monarchy -Member of EU -Majority Roman Catholic (religious freedom) -Tourism is one of the main sources of income. -Important developers/producers of renewable energy, in particular solar power. -strong economy, high quality of life -SW Europe, Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea. -mostly flat plains + Pyrenees Mountains -siesta/lunch from 2-5 -tapas (appetizers), paella, gazpacho, wine -epiphany/three kings day (día de los reyes): Jan.6th, leave out shoes for gifts -flamenco music and bullfights Romans in Spain 200BCE-500CE Spanish Cinema -1930s: Luis Buñuel was the first Spanish director to be recognized internationally (films: Belle de Jour, Ese oscuro objeto del deseo), associated with the surrealist movement. -Carlos Saura (La Madriguera, Cría Cuervos, Sweet Hours): world-known Spanish director in the 1950s. -Present: Pedro Almodóvar's works (Todo acerca de mi madre, Volver) are well known in both Europe and the Americas. Zarzuela -Performance art mixing music and theater -popular with royalty/elite in 17th ce. Spain, -opera -> decline in popularity (but continued in Cuba, etc.) until 19th and 20th ce. -Amadeo Vives=famous composer Spanish Architecture -varied across history -significant Roman influence from when it was part of the Roman empire -then incorp. Arab features, esp. in Córdoba, under Moors domination -Romanesque and gothic elements integrated later -2oth ce. --> Modernism (Antoni Gaudí, Barcelona) -contemporary architects internationally recognized (Moneo, Calavatra) Diego Velázquez -Leading artist of Spanish Golden Age (17th ce.) -Painter from Seville -Court painter for King Philip IV -historical and cultural portraits of royalty, nobles, commoners -most famous painting = Las Meninas ~Baroque portrayal of Margarita (King's daughter) surrounded by maids of honor & members of court ~very complex, plays with illusion/reality/perspective/audience ~In Madrid museum, widely analyzed -Inspiration/model for many future artists Frida Kahlo -20th ce. Mexican painter, married Diego Rivera -Had polio as a child, other health issues -Used bright colors and simple/primitive forms, rooted in Mexican + Amerindian culture -influenced by surrealism -known for self-portraits + depictions of female form Ernesto Sábato -Argentine writer -started writing+painting after WWII -translated science books, wrote many essays+articles on literature, science, metaphysics, and politics Fernando Botero -present-day Colombian painter -Figurative paintings, uses exaggerated + disproportionate volumes to depict human figure, adding humorous details to show criticism + irony -his style = Boterismo Three Tenors -1990's and 2000's -Spaniards: Plácido Domingo and José Carreras -Pavarotti = Italian -Been in many famous operas (Carmen, Madame Butterfly, etc.) Francisco Goya -(18th ce.), Spanish Painter -baroque->rococo->neoclassicism+expressionism -first artist to paint what he wanted instead of what church/king told him to paint -great influence for modern artists -mostly historic paintings José Clemente Orozco -Mexican painter, one of 3 main Mexican muralists, painted murals after the Mexican revolution -focused on revolution, human condition, pre-Colombian culture -messages of social justice for working class and indigenous people Diego Rivera -Mexican painter, one of 3 main Mexican muralists, painted murals after the Mexican revolution -One of most famous muralists in the world -influenced by Italian renaissance and Russian communist movement -focused on revolution, revalorization of indigenous Mexican roots, symbols + historical figures from colonial period -very political artistic messages David Alfaro Siquieros -Mexican painter, one of 3 main Mexican muralists, painted murals after the Mexican revolution -focused on revolution, Pre-Colombian culture and its relationship with colonial culture in Mexico -more realistic works -very influenced by politics, Marxist messages Celia Cruz -Cuban singer known as the queen of salsa -her music became a worldwide success -most influential figure of Cuban music in 20th ce. Salvador Dalí -20th ce. Spanish surrealist painter, started as a cubist -influenced by other artists in Paris -highly imaginative, bizarre works -"La persistencia de la memoria" (melting clocks) Isabel Allende -(1950s-) Writer, born in Peru, considered Chilean -works mixed fantastic & real (magic realism) -"La casa de los espiritus": 4 generations of Chilean family, examines sociopolitical issues in postcolonial Chile Mario Vargas Llosa -(1940s-) Peruvian writer, wrote novels + political narrative pieces -genre: realism, political topics -examines vulgarity of human nature -received Nobel Prize for literature in 2010 Alhambra -Large palace complex built in 12th-13th ce. Granada when Moors occupied Spain -When Spaniards recovered land, Catholic kings built their own palaces, so Alhambra has both Islamic and Christian architectural elements -known for ornamentation (marble, stucco, tile) -important tourist site, UNESCO world heritage site Popol Vuh (El libro de consejo) -Written in Mayan-Quiché language, translated to Spanish, controversy over who wrote and translated book -Compilation of Mayan myths explaining creation of world, Mayan history, some Mayan traditions -very important source about pre-Colombian Mayan people Pablo Picasso -(late 19th, 20th ce.) Spanish painter, known for cubist paintings and surrealist works -also book illustrations and ceramics -inspired by Goya, etc., political inspiration -hated the fascist government of Franco, turned to communism -prolific, internationally famous artist -"Guernica"