Anatomy and Physiology Exam A&P 3 completed 100% useful

Anatomy and Physiology Exam A&P 3 completed 100% useful Anatomy and Physiology Exam A&P 3 What does blood regulates through? Fluid homeostasis, fluid pH and body temperature What does blood transport? Oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, waste, hormones, heat, and stem cells What are the functions of the blood? transportation, regulation, protection How does blood protect? protection through inflammation, white blood cells ,antibodies ,complement platelets &tissue growth factor. Which cells are phagocytic? neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophil, macrophages What are the composition of plasma? water, plasma protein, nutrients, electrolytes, nitrogenous wastes, hormones, and gases What is in the plasma? electrolytes, albumin, globulin, enzymes, dissolved gasses What are the functions of erythropoietin? a hormone that comes from the kidney and it stimulates blood production, spefically red blood cell The stimulus for production of erythropoietin is what? hypoxia What count goes up to indicate rapid production? reticulocyte What does the Buffy coat has? white blood cells and platelets What is the buffy coat? a thin layer that separates plasma and erythrocytes What does blood type A have? antibodies B What does blood type B have? antibodies A What does blood type AB have? Antigens A and B but no antibodies What does blood type O have? Antibodies against both but not antigens What is antigen D? Rh factor, if you have then your positive if not negative What are the blood clotting proteins? prothrombin and fibrinogen What is the function of fibrinogen? inactive form of fibrin and becomes activated by thrombin, once it becomes fibrin it helps with the formation of blood clots What is the function of thrombin? stimulates fibrinogen What is the Structure of Hemoglobin and the element present in it? 4 heme molecules and four globin chains(2 beta and 2 alpha) What is the element present in hemoglobin? iron Define Hematocrit red blood cells males have more due to the menstrual cycle and hormones Define Pernicious anemia lack of vitamin B12 Define Ferritin the storage form of iron and it is stored in the liver Define Transferrin Transports iron in the blood by binding to iron and taking it to the low iron place What are the 4 heart valves? tricuspid atrioventricular valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, (bicuspid)mitral atrioventricular valve, aortic semilunar valve Which ventricle is thicker and why? left ventricle because it pump blood to a longer distance What are the Vessels opening in (connecting to) heart chambers? ... During atrial systole, the AV valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed. During ventricular systole the semilunar valves are open and the AV valves are closed. What are the heart chambers? right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle Where are each heart valve located? ... What are the heart sounds? lub dub noise from a beating heart What happens in the S1/love sound? closure of AV valves What happens in the S2/ducksound? closure of semilunar valves What is the S3 sound? ventricular filling What is the S4 sound? atrial contraction What is the conduction system system of the heart? SA node to AV node to Av bundle to bundle branches to burkinji fibers Refractory period of cardiac muscle and its length occurs after a wave summation and prevents a wave summation, 250 ms Function and location of pericardial fluid decrease friction between the visceral pericardium and the parietal pericardium located in the pericardial sac Blood supply of the heart muscle coronary arteries Coronary sinus location and function collects de-oxygenated blood from the myocardium and located between left ventricle and left atrium Ions taking part in cardiac action potential sodium, potassium, calcium P wave represents what? atrial depolarization QRS complex represents what? ventricular depolarization What does the T wave represent? ventricular repolarization Where does the wave for atrial repolarization happen? mixed up in the QRS complex What is cardiac output? The amount of blood ejected by each ventricle in 1 minute What is cardiac output formula? CO = SV x HR What is stroke volume formula? SV = EDV - ESV What is stroke volume? volume of blood pumped out by one ventricle with each beat