HC1: surveys
KOM overview
- Qualitative research
o Study people in natural environment
o Holistic approach
o Interviews, focus groups, text analysis
- Correlational research
o Quantitative
o Relationships between variables
o Causal study difficult
- Experimental research
o Researcher manipulation
o Experimental and control group
o Quantitative measures
o Suitable for causal research 3
TOE overview
- Qualitative research
o 5 lectures
o Nvivo Labs as homework
- Correlational research
o 5 lectures
o SPSS Labs as homework
- Experimental research
o 5 lectures
o JASP Labs as homework
- SPSS/JASP Exam
- Final Exam 5
Meer digitale data door digitaal tijdperk
,Correlational Data
Data are generated in different ways:
- Incidentally niet met oog op onderzoek en er word ook niet gevraagd of je mee wil doen
met onderzoek (dingen posten op sociale media, maar ook pinpas)
o AKA organic
- Purposively met het oog op onderzoek
o AKA designed
13
Correlational Data (designed)
We design a study & collect data to:
- describe the social reality we willen leren hoe het eraan te gaat in de maatschappij, zijn er
verschillen tussen verschillende regio’s in een land, zijn er dingen die we kunne beïnvloeden
- study (causal) relationships
- generalize to the target population wat we leren uit de stekproef kunnen koppelen aan
de grote groep
Inferential goals
- Description
- Causation
- Prediction kunnen we have data modellen bouwen om dingen te voorspellen
,How to ask? Survey Modes
- Face-to-face (CAPI)
o Kinderen die een vragenlijst moeten invullen
o Computer assisted personal interview
- Mail
o Post
o Geen email!
- Telephone (CATI)
o Computer assisted telephone interview
o Kirsten wordt altijd gebeld als ze aan het koken is
- Internet
o email
- Mixed-mode
o Verschillende vormen aan elkaar koppelen
Differences between the modes
- Degree of interviewer involvementhoeveel is de interviewer betrokken, is het belangrijk
dat de onderzoeker er bij is?
- Degree of interaction with the respondent is het belangrijk dat er interactie is
- Degree of privacy anoniem invullen?
- Channels of communication
o Visual
o Auditive
- Technology use
Survey modes in comparison
attribute Face-to-face mail telephone Internet
Cost high low moderate Low
Response rate High low high Moderate
Researcher high Low moderate moderate
control over
interview
Interviewer high low Moderate low
effect
, Survey Modes in NL
- Population register & over 90% internet use
o Telephone Surveys (Random Digit Dialing amerika heeft geen gemeente register)
not widely used
- Mixed modes
o Postal mail with invitations to internet surveys
o Telephone component if numbers are known
- Market Researchers use both probability and nonprobability online panels
- Mixed-device surveys
o Computer / smartphone
Types of mixed-mode design
One mode for some respondents, another mode for others E.g. online survey with mail
component for those without Internet
One mode for recruitment, another for survey administration E.g. mail invitation for an online
survey
One mode for data collection, another for reminders, follow-up-E.g. telephone reminders for an
online survey
One mode for main part of the interview, another for subset of answers (e.g. sensitive)E.g.
Telephone & Audio Computer Self-Administered (ACASI)
Cross-sectional and panel surveys
- Panel surveys interview respondents over time
o content usually the same
o but may differ
- Advantages:
o We can assess within-person change & causality
o We can disentangle age, period, and cohort effects andere groep in andere
setting (over de Jaren heen)
Cross-sectional and panel surveys
Potential errors:
- Attrition
o drop-out
o consecutive wave-nonresponse
- Panel conditioning
o AKA learning effects ieder jaar dezelfde krijg je dezelfde antwoorden door dat
mensen ontouden wat ze antwoorden
Types of mixed-mode design
One mode for one wave of the panel survey, another for others E.g. First wave face-to-face,
following waves online to save costs
Operational process
- To measure a (theoretical) construct, researchers must follow steps:
KOM overview
- Qualitative research
o Study people in natural environment
o Holistic approach
o Interviews, focus groups, text analysis
- Correlational research
o Quantitative
o Relationships between variables
o Causal study difficult
- Experimental research
o Researcher manipulation
o Experimental and control group
o Quantitative measures
o Suitable for causal research 3
TOE overview
- Qualitative research
o 5 lectures
o Nvivo Labs as homework
- Correlational research
o 5 lectures
o SPSS Labs as homework
- Experimental research
o 5 lectures
o JASP Labs as homework
- SPSS/JASP Exam
- Final Exam 5
Meer digitale data door digitaal tijdperk
,Correlational Data
Data are generated in different ways:
- Incidentally niet met oog op onderzoek en er word ook niet gevraagd of je mee wil doen
met onderzoek (dingen posten op sociale media, maar ook pinpas)
o AKA organic
- Purposively met het oog op onderzoek
o AKA designed
13
Correlational Data (designed)
We design a study & collect data to:
- describe the social reality we willen leren hoe het eraan te gaat in de maatschappij, zijn er
verschillen tussen verschillende regio’s in een land, zijn er dingen die we kunne beïnvloeden
- study (causal) relationships
- generalize to the target population wat we leren uit de stekproef kunnen koppelen aan
de grote groep
Inferential goals
- Description
- Causation
- Prediction kunnen we have data modellen bouwen om dingen te voorspellen
,How to ask? Survey Modes
- Face-to-face (CAPI)
o Kinderen die een vragenlijst moeten invullen
o Computer assisted personal interview
o Post
o Geen email!
- Telephone (CATI)
o Computer assisted telephone interview
o Kirsten wordt altijd gebeld als ze aan het koken is
- Internet
o email
- Mixed-mode
o Verschillende vormen aan elkaar koppelen
Differences between the modes
- Degree of interviewer involvementhoeveel is de interviewer betrokken, is het belangrijk
dat de onderzoeker er bij is?
- Degree of interaction with the respondent is het belangrijk dat er interactie is
- Degree of privacy anoniem invullen?
- Channels of communication
o Visual
o Auditive
- Technology use
Survey modes in comparison
attribute Face-to-face mail telephone Internet
Cost high low moderate Low
Response rate High low high Moderate
Researcher high Low moderate moderate
control over
interview
Interviewer high low Moderate low
effect
, Survey Modes in NL
- Population register & over 90% internet use
o Telephone Surveys (Random Digit Dialing amerika heeft geen gemeente register)
not widely used
- Mixed modes
o Postal mail with invitations to internet surveys
o Telephone component if numbers are known
- Market Researchers use both probability and nonprobability online panels
- Mixed-device surveys
o Computer / smartphone
Types of mixed-mode design
One mode for some respondents, another mode for others E.g. online survey with mail
component for those without Internet
One mode for recruitment, another for survey administration E.g. mail invitation for an online
survey
One mode for data collection, another for reminders, follow-up-E.g. telephone reminders for an
online survey
One mode for main part of the interview, another for subset of answers (e.g. sensitive)E.g.
Telephone & Audio Computer Self-Administered (ACASI)
Cross-sectional and panel surveys
- Panel surveys interview respondents over time
o content usually the same
o but may differ
- Advantages:
o We can assess within-person change & causality
o We can disentangle age, period, and cohort effects andere groep in andere
setting (over de Jaren heen)
Cross-sectional and panel surveys
Potential errors:
- Attrition
o drop-out
o consecutive wave-nonresponse
- Panel conditioning
o AKA learning effects ieder jaar dezelfde krijg je dezelfde antwoorden door dat
mensen ontouden wat ze antwoorden
Types of mixed-mode design
One mode for one wave of the panel survey, another for others E.g. First wave face-to-face,
following waves online to save costs
Operational process
- To measure a (theoretical) construct, researchers must follow steps:
