Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) 2023 with correct answers

Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) 2023 with correct answers What is the significance for ABCDE assessment if a person is able to talk? - CORRECT ANSWER-They have a patent airway What are the clinical signs of airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER-snoring, stridor, hoarseness or no noise at all What are the techniques for clearing an obstructed airway? - CORRECT ANSWERSuction Removal of foreign body Head tilt and chin lift Airway adjuncts - Guedel aiway Definite surgical airway How do you size a Guedel airway? - CORRECT ANSWER-measuring from the centre of the mouth (between the first incisors) to the angle of the mandible How does tension pneumothorax lead to death? - CORRECT ANSWER-A tension pneumothorax essential acts as an internal one-way valve - allowing air into the chest cavity but not out. This results in pressure on the mediastinum, thus decreasing venous return to the heart and eventual cardiac arrest. What are the signs of a tension pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER-engorged neck veins Reduced lung expansion deviation of trachea to opposite side Hyper-resonant chest decreased breath sounds on affected side Management of tension pneumothorax? - CORRECT ANSWER-needle decompression in 2nd intercostal space then insertion of chest drain (definitive management) Management of open pneumothorax - CORRECT ANSWER-Three-sided dressing and then insertion of chest drain What is a flail chest? - CORRECT ANSWER-2 or more rib fractures in 2 or more places, thus resulting in separation of a segment of the thoracic cage Clinical sign of flail chest - CORRECT ANSWER-Paradoxical movement of this part of the chest wall - indrawing on inspiration and outwards movement on expiration