Fresenius New Hire, Exam Study Guide 2023 with
complete solution
What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
Removal of waste products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base,
and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
(2) Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis?
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin?
hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on regulation of the blood
pressure, and on sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis?
Steady internal state of equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular
Inside the cells
Intravascular
inside the blood vessels
Extracellular
outside the cells
Interstitial
between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular, Extracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD)
Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ?
Concentration Gradient, Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the
solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions?
Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic?
Containing less particles
What is Isotonic?
Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic?
Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is?
Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
either from inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is
decreased.
complete solution
What are the functions of a healthy kidney?
Removal of waste products (creatinine, urea, and uric acid). Regulate fluid, acid base,
and electrolytes.
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?
(2) Kidneys (2) Ureters (1) Bladder (1) Urethra
Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis?
Removal of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance
What is the function of renin?
hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on regulation of the blood
pressure, and on sodium, and potassium balance
What is homeostasis?
Steady internal state of equilibrium in the body.
Intracellular
Inside the cells
Intravascular
inside the blood vessels
Extracellular
outside the cells
Interstitial
between the cells
What are the body fluid compartments?
Intracellular, Extracellular, Intravascular, Interstitial
What is hemodialysis? (HD)
Outpatient setting
Peritoneal Dialysis (PD)
Patient's home
What factors impact the rate of diffusion ?
Concentration Gradient, Temperature, Molecular weight of solutes, Nature of the
solution, Membrane Permeability, Surface area, Flow Geometry Convection
What are three types of solutions?
Hypotonic, Isotonic, Hypertonic
What is hypotonic?
Containing less particles
What is Isotonic?
Containing equal particles
What is Hypertonic?
Containing more particles
Countercurrent Flow is?
Blood and Dialysate flow in opposite directions
What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?
either from inadequate heparinization or an improperly primed dialyzer, diffusion is
decreased.
