PATHOPHYSI NR283/PATHO EXAM 4 2023& study guide with complete solution

PATHO EXAM 4 *Nociception - Sensation of pain resulting from transmission of neural impulses to the brain that is caused by noxious stimuli * Non-nociceptive Pain - Neuropathic Pain [peripheral and central] Nociceptors - Free nerve endings located throughout the body in the afferent PNS that respond to chemical, mechanical and thermal stimuli. 1. Nociceptors are not evenly distributed throughout the body. Sensitivity to pain differs according to their location 2. Fingertips have more nocicpetors than the skin of the back * Nystagmus - Involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movements of the eyes. Happens at rest or when the eye is following a moving object. (eyes shake back and forth) *Jerk Nystagmus- One eye moves faster than the other. * Strabismus - One eye deviates from the other when the person is looking at an object. This is caused by a weak or hypertonic muscle in the eye. (primary symptom= diplopia) * 4 processes of nociception 1. Transduction - Begins when tissue is damaged by exposure to chemical, mechanical, or thermal noxious stimuli. This causes the activation of nociceptors. 2. Transmission - Is the conduction of pain impulses along the A-beta and C-fibers into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. 3. Perception -