BIOS 242 Week 5 Concepts; The Immune System

Week5Concepts:TheImmuneSystem Epidemiology Prepare:Epidemiology • TheprincipalgovernmentagencyresponsiblefortrackinginfectiousdiseasesintheUnitedStatesisthe • Thestudyofthefrequencyanddistributionofadiseaseinadefinedpopulationis . • TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionassignsthemostvirulentmicrobesknowntocausehumandiseasetobiosafety level4. Self-Check:Epidemiology Dragthelabeltothefollowingdiagramaccordingtothetypeofoutbreakshown. Self-Check:EpidemiologyTerms • The isthetotalnumberofpersonsafflictedwithinfectiousdisease. • A isanepidemicoccurringovermultiplecontinents. Reflect:Epidemiology • TheprevalencerateoftuberculosisinoneparticularcountyinTexasis7/1000people,whiletheincidenceratefor2011is 2/1000people.Analyzethis dataand summarize thesituation. • Thenumberofnewcasesofadiseaseinapopulationoveraspecificperiodoftimecomparedwiththehealthypopulationisthe . • Adiseasethathasasteadyfrequencyovertimeinaparticulargeographiclocationisreferredtoas . • Thestudyofthefrequencyanddistributionofadiseaseinadefinedpopulationis . • TheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionmandatesthatsomediseasesmustbereported,whileitisnotnecessaryforothers.Thisis so that • Thetotalnumberofdeathsinapopulationduetoadiseaseisthe rate. InnateImmuneFunction Prepare:InnateImmuneFunction • WhichofthefollowingDONOTformpartofphysicalbarriers? • Theimmunedefensesaredividedintohowmanybasiccategories? • Chemicalbarriersinclude:(Selectallthatapply) • Monocytesdifferentiateinto whenthecellsmigratetotissues. SelfCheck:NonspecificChemicalDefenses • Nonspecificchemicaldefensesinclude: SelfCheck:Phagocytosis • Whichofthefollowingisnotaneventofphagocytosis? SelfCheck:Neutrophils,eosinophils,andbasophils SelfCheck:Whitebloodcells • Whichofthewhitebloodcellsproduceschemicalsthatcanattacklargehelminths? SelfCheck:Interferonproduction • Hostcellsthatproduceinterferonafterviralattackcanprotectthemselvesfromtheinvasion. SelfCheck:Membraneattackstage • Themembraneattackstageofthecomplementcascadeinvolves: SelfCheck:Inflammation • Whichofthefollowingismismatchedinrelationtoinflammation? Reflect:InnateImmuneFunction • Thechemicalfoundintearsandsalivathathydrolyzesthepeptidoglycanincertainbacterialcellwallsis: • Thebloodcellsthatfunctioninallergicreactionsandinflammation,containperoxidaseandlysozyme,andparticularlytargetparasiticwormsandfungiare: • Theleastnumerousofallwhitebloodcellsthatreleasehistamineduringinflammationandallergicreactionsare: • Thebranchoftheimmunesystempresentatbirthiscalled: • Theprocessinwhichthephagocyticcellsmovetothebacteria: • Matchthefollowingcellswiththeircharacteristics: • Listthefollowingstepsofphagocytosisinorder: AdaptiveImmuneFunction Prepare:AdaptiveImmuneFunction • Aforeignmoleculethatcausesaspecificimmuneresponseisa(n): • Acquiredspecificimmunityinvolvestheresponseof: • Plasmacells: SelfCheck:Specificimmunity • Specificimmunityprovideslong-lastingprotectionthroughtheproductionof: SelfCheck:Adaptiveimmunesystem • The cells of the adaptive immune system are educated to distinguish your cells from invading pathogens, cells thatwouldrespondtoself-antigensaredestroyedinimmunetolerance.Thispropertyofadaptiveimmunityisattributedto the SelfCheck:Tcells • Tcellsmatureinthebonemarrow? SelfCheck:Propertiesofeffectiveantigens Propertiesofeffectiveantigensincludeallofthefollowingexcept: SelfCheck:Humoralimmunity • T helper cells play a pivotal role in SelfCheck:MHC-IIantigen SelfCheck:Antigenpresentingcells • Antigenpresentingcells: SelfCheck:KillerTcells ForaCD8killerTcell(TC)tobecomeactivated,itmustrecognizeaforeignpeptidecomplexedwithselfMHC-Iand mountadirect attack upon the targetcell. SelfCheck:Lymphocytes • Whichlymphocytesecretesantibodiesinaspecificimmuneresponse? SelfCheck:Antibodies SelfCheck:Antigenresponse • A patient was never exposed nor vaccinated against chickenpox. A couple days ago the patient was exposed, andthepatientcurrentlyhaschickenpoxvirus.Whichantibodywouldyouexpecttohavethehighesttiterbasedonthisexposure? • Twomonthslater,thesamepatientisthenexposedtochickenpoxvirusagain.Whichimmunoglobulinwillbepresent in the highest amountafter thisnewexposure? SelfCheck:Artificialactiveimmunity • Anexampleofartificialactiveimmunitywouldbevaccination. Reflect:AdaptiveImmuneFunction • Theantibody-secretingprogenycellsofaB-cellclonearecalled: • MHCmoleculesarefoundonallcellsexcept: • Smallforeignmoleculesthataretoosmallbythemselvestoelicitanimmuneresponsearetermed: • Theimmunoglobulinclassthathasadimerformfoundinmucus,saliva,colostrum,andotherbodysecretionsis: • Theimmunoglobulinclassthatistheonlyonecapableofcrossingtheplacentais: • GeneratesmanyBcellsandTcellsthatareactivatedagainstspecificantigens: • CytotoxicTcells: • Specific immunity provides long-lasting protection through the production of: • Matchthefollowingtotheirdescription: • Matchthefollowing: • WhichofthefollowingwouldbeaffectedwhenThelpercellsaredestroyedinHIVinfections?Selectallthatapply.