BIOS 242 Week 4 Concepts; Controlling Microbial Growth

Week4Concepts:ControllingMicrobialGrowth ControllingMicrobialGrowth Prepare:ControllingMicrobialGrowth • Thesterilizinggasusedinchemiclavesis . • HEPAfiltersareusedtoremovemicrobesfrom • Whichofthefollowingmicrobialformshasthehighestresistancetophysicalandchemicalcontrols? • Sterilizationisachievedby • Themethodofremovingvegetativemicrobiallifeformsanddebristoreducecontaminationtosafelevelsistermed • isahalogenusedingaseousandliquidformforlargescaledisinfectionofdrinkingwaterandsewage. • Thealcoholwipeusedonapatient'sskinbeforeaninjectionisanexampleof . Self-Check:DisinfectionTechniques • Dragthefollowingtermstotheircorrespondingdescription. Self-Check:DisinfectionTechniquesII • _______isdisinfectiononalivingsurface. • _______Themostresistantinfectiousparticlesare . • _______arethesturdiestandmostencounteredinfectiousagents.Forthisreason,theseareusedtotesttheefficacyofautoclaves. • _______removesallmicrobesfromtheenvironment. Self-Check:FactorsAffectingtheEfficacyofAntimicrobialMethods • Dragtorankthefollowingfrommostresistant(top)toleastresistant(bottom). Self-Check:MethodsofChemicalControl • _______wasthefirstmajorantimicrobialchemicalusedwithtoxicandirritatingsideeffects. • _______(70to95%)isusedinskindegerminganddisinfectionofsometypesofmedicalequipment. • _______ismostcommonlyusedashouseholdbleach. • _______solution is used to treat gonococcal infections in eye of newborn, mouth ulcers and root canaltreatment. Reflect:ControllingMicrobialGrowth • _______ areusedaspreservativesforophthalmicsolutionsandcosmetics. • Theminimumsterilizingconditionsinasteamautoclaveare • _______heatismorerapidlyeffectiveandefficientcomparedto heat. • _______radiation excites atoms to a higher energy state within molecules such as DNA, which leads to the formationof pyrimidine dimers. • _______aqueoussolution,isusedasembalmingfluid • Physicalagentsforcontrollingmicrobialgrowthincludeallofthefollowingexcept . • Scrubbingorimmersingtheskininchemicalstoreducethenumbersofmicrobesontheskinis . • Whichofthefollowingitemsaretypicallyirradiatedinordertokillmicrobes? Antimicrobials Prepare:Antibiotics • Aminoglycosides • Whichantimicrobialdoesnotinterferewithproteinsynthesis? • Sulfa drugs work on • Whichantimicrobialdoesnotinhibitcellwallsynthesis? • Antimicrobialseffectiveagainstawidevarietyofmicrobialtypesaretermed . Self-Check:NarrowSpectrumorBroadSpectrum • Usethediagramtodetermineifthefollowingdrugsarenarrow-spectrumorbroad-spectrum. Self-Check:ZoneofInhibition • Selectallthenumbersassociatedwiththeantibioticdiscsthatshownozoneofinhibition(andthus,resistancetothat antibiotic concentration). Self-Check:AntimicrobialDrugs • Importantcharacteristicsofantimicrobialdrugsinclude • Theuseofadrugtopreventimminentinfectioniscalled . Self-Check:MechanismsofDrugAction • Draganddroptermstotheirrespectivelocationsonthediagram. Self-Check:MechanismsofDrugAction:Inhibition • Draganddroptermstotheirrespectivelocationsonthediagram. Self-Check:IdentifyingDrugsandTheirUses • Matchthedrugswiththemicrobialagents/diseasesthattheyareusedfor. Self-Check:AdditionalAntimicrobials • Antiviral Chemotherapeutic agents have three modes of action- barring the penetration of the virus, blockingtranscriptionandtranslationofviralmolecules,andpreventingmaturationofviralparticles.Matchtheimagetothemodeofaction. Self-Check:AntimicrobialResistance • Thecellularbasisforbacterialresistancetoantimicrobialsinclude • Eachofthefollowingresultsindrugresistance,except Reflect:Antibiotics • Selectivetoxicityreferstodamageto • areantimicrobialseffectiveagainstawidevarietyofmicrobialtypes. • test shows susceptibility using large agar plates, a bacterial lawn, and antibiotic-infuseddiscs. • Penicillinsandcephalosporins • Somebacteriathatareresistanttopenicillinhave • isusedasanantihelminthesdrug. • aredefinedasantimicrobialagentsfordrugstargetingbacteriaandnotothertypesofmicrobes. • Matchthedrugswiththemicrobialagents/diseasesthattheyareusedfor. • isusedtotreatfungalinfections. Host-microbeinteractions Prepare:Host-microbeInteractions • Whichofthefollowingisadirectcontactmethodofmicrobetransmission? • Theobjectiveevidenceofdiseasenotedbyanobserveristermeda/an . • Theterminfectionrefersto(selectallthatapply) • Aninfectious agentalreadyexistingonorinthebodyiscalled . • Opportunisticpathogens Self-Check:Microbe-HumanInteractions • Theeffectofbeneficialmicrobesofnormalbiotaagainstinvadingmicrobesiscalled . • Whichofthefollowingisinoculationofnormalbiotatoanewborn Self-Check:InfectiousDisease • Matchthetermwiththedefinition. Self-Check:ProgressofInfection • Placethestepsofwhenmicrobescausediseaseinthecorrectorderfromtoptobottom. Self-Check:PatternsofInfection • Match the pattern of infection with the description. Self-Check:StagesintheCourseofInfection • Dragthetermtolabelthediagram. Reflect:Host-microbeInteractions • Theinitial,briefperiodofearly,generalsymptomssuchasfatigueandmuscleachesisthe . • Endogenousinfectiousagentsarisefrommicrobesthatare . • Theprimary,naturalhabitatofapathogenwhereitcontinuestoexistiscalledthe . • TORCHisanacronymthatrepresentsthemostcommon . • BasedonnewinformationfromtheHumanMicrobiomeProject,thehumanbodytypicallybeginstobecolonizedbyitsnormalbiota • Whichofthefollowingisnotcorrectterminologyusedforresidentbiota? • Onceamicrobehasenteredahost,whatprocessperformedbycertainwhitebloodcellswillattempttodestroythemicrobes? • Whichofthefollowingisnotafactorthatweakenshostdefensesagainstinfections? • A isanyobjectiveevidenceofthediseaseasnotedbytheobserver. • Whichofthefollowingisnotastructureusedforbacterialadhesion? • Infectionsthatgounnoticedbecausetherearenosymptomsarecalled . • Whichofthefollowingisamismatchedtermanddescription?