BREAST ARDMS Comprehensive Exam Review Guide: 500+ Q&A Updated Summer 2023.
BREAST ARDMS Comprehensive Exam Review Guide: 500+ Q&A Updated Summer 2023. (USE Ctrl + F) to get to your specific q&A Which artifact may cause structures to look deeper than they actually are? - (ANS): Propagation speed error The optimum operating frequency for a broad-bandwidth transducer would be : - (ANS): 10 MHz In breast sonography, what is NOT significantly affected by the limited field of view when imaging superficial structures? - (ANS): Temporal resolution Which of the following affects the actual intensity of the sound utilized for imaging? - (ANS): Output power The dynamic range of a display is the : - (ANS): Number of gray shades Using color/power doppler while a patient hums to better dilineate a mass is called : - (ANS): Fremitus A standoff pad thicker than 1 cm is not recommended because it will : - (ANS): Affect the optimal placement of the fixed elevation plane focus Which type of transducer does NOT allow the sonographer to vary the focusing capabilities? - (ANS): Mechanical sector When taking patient history for a breast sonogram, what information from a previous mammogram would not be considered relevant? - (ANS): Name of radiographer Image of amplitude is affected by : - (ANS): Power, overall gain, and time gain compensation (TGC) High-frequency transducers used in breast imaging provide excellent resolution of breast tissues but limited : - (ANS): Penetration When using the 123-ABC method of annotation, "B" would indicate : - (ANS): Mass is in the mammary zone In the 123-ABC method of annotation, the number denote the : - (ANS): Distance from the nipple Which method of patient positioning is the best for evaluation the medial aspect of the breast ? - (ANS): Supine The two-handed technique is used to image : - (ANS): The main breast duct and nipple Which of the following transducers would be the best choice for breast imaging ? - (ANS): 10 MHz linear array Selecting multiple focal zones will : - (ANS): Decrease frame rate When viewing a mammogram, one always sees the marker in the region toward : - (ANS): Axilla If a breast sonographic image is labeled "Rt. AR 2:00 1A", the area described is : - (ANS): Antiradial scan of the right breast, upper inner quadrant near the nipple, under the skin When viewing a mammogram, a mass is marked near the CC marker in the right breast. This will indicate to the sonographer that the mass is located : - (ANS): In the lateral breast A transducer that can operate at multiple frequencies is said to have : - (ANS): Broad bandwidth All of the following statements about high-frequency transducers are true : - (ANS): - Axial resolution is increased - Lateral resolution is increased - Sound penetration is decreased - Best for breast imaging The following statement about high-frequency transducers is false : - (ANS): Sound travels faster Decreasing depth will : - (ANS): Increase the frame rate Increasing the overall gain control will : - (ANS): Cause artifactual echoes What allows for better demonstration of small, tortuous vessels ? - (ANS): Power doppler What affects the frame rate ? - (ANS): Number of focal zones and size of image Ideally, the elevational focus for breast imaging should be fixed at : - (ANS): 1.5 cm An increase in the intensity of echoes beneath a structure is called : - (ANS): Enhancement What is not a good indication for performing a breast sonogram? - (ANS): Evaluate a mass for microcalcifications When setting the TGC control for breast imaging, the following tissue should demonstrate a medium level of gray. - (ANS): Fat The lactiferous ducts are best seen when scanning : - (ANS): Radial The orthogonal (defined as perpendicular) view from the longitudinal scan is : - (ANS): Transverse Adequate penetration of the breast is determined by imaging the : - (ANS): Pectoral muscles If a mass is isoechoic with surrounding tissues, what maneuver would accentuate the mass to make it show up better ? - (ANS): Apply harmonics What transducer feature would not be good for breast imaging ? - (ANS): Curved linear array format Lateral resolution is best at the : - (ANS): Focal zone Which technique would eliminate useful artifacts such as posterior enhancement and shadowing? - (ANS): Spatial compound imaging According to AIUM standards, all of the following information should be indicated on sonographic images : - (ANS): - Patient's name / ID # - Patient's age - Facility name - Date What information should not be indicated of sonographic images ? - (ANS): Patient's social security number What is considered an appropriate annotation method for breast imaging ? - (ANS): - Side / Quadrant - Clock face - 123-ABC What statement would be false when considering doppler artifacts ? - (ANS): If the gain and filter settings are too low, it can cause noise What statements are true when considering doppler artifacts ? - (ANS): - If the filter setting is too high, it will inhibit the ability to detect low-velocity blood flow. - A PRF / velocity scale that is too low will cause aliasing. - If the doppler angle is perpendicular to flow, no flow will be detected. - Spectral mirroring causes a duplication of the waveform on the opposite side of the baseline What is true about propagation speed error ? - (ANS): - If the propagation speed is slower than 1540 m/sec, posterior echoes will be displayed on he sonogram deeper than they actually are. - If the propagation speed is faster than 1540 m/sec, reflectors will appear closer to the transducer than they actually are. The brightness of echoes on an ultrasound image is affected by : - (ANS): - Overall gain - Power output - Dynamic range - TGC The brightness of echoes on an ultrasound image is not affected by : - (ANS): Transducer frequency What would not be part of the examination preparation? - (ANS): Present the informed consent to the patient for signature What would be part of the examination preparation? - (ANS): - Obtain pertinent clinical information from the patient. - Explain the examination to the patient. - Review the pertinent correlative imaging tests. - Know the indication for the exam. The supine oblique postition : - (ANS): - Evenly distributes the breast tissue - Allows better evaluation of the outer breast. - Places the nipple in the center. - Minimizes breast thickness for better penetration Echo palpation is used to : - (ANS): - Localize a mass. - Determine if a mass is compressible or not. For general breast scanning, which patient position is considered the best? - (ANS): - Supine oblique. - Contralateral posterior oblique. What would be considered a method of annotating the sonographic image? - (ANS): - 123-ABC - Radial / Antiradial - Side / Quadrant - Clockface The rapid breast enlargement which begins at puberty is called : - (ANS): Thelarche Breast tissue development is considered functionally complete by : - (ANS): Postpartum The absence of glandular tissue in the presence of a nipple and areola is called : - (ANS): Amazia A small rudimentary breast in an adult is called : - (ANS): Hypoplasia When there is glandular breast tissue but no nipple or areola, it is called : - (ANS): Athelia The term for accessory, ectopic breast tissue is : - (ANS): Supernumerary The most common type of supernumerary breast tissue is : - (ANS): Polythelia The presence of accessory glandular breast tissue is called : - (ANS): Polymastia The classification used today for supernumerary breast tissue is : - (ANS): Kajava's Classification The most common site for polymastia is : - (ANS): Axillary The mammary ridges are also referred to as the : - (ANS): Milk lines The nipple is composed of what kind of tissue ? - (ANS): Erectile Breast tissue that extends into the axilla is called : - (ANS): Tail of Spence In the lactating patient, milk production usually begins : - (ANS): 2-3 days after delivery The lubricating glands within the areola are called : - (ANS): Montgomery's glands The darker skin that surrounds he nipple is called the : - (ANS): Areola The breast lies directly on the : - (ANS): Pectoral muscle The smallest functional unit of the glandular breast tissue is the : - (ANS): Acini Most breast pathologies originate in the : - (ANS): Terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) The mammary ridges extend from _____ to _____ : - (ANS): Axilla to inguinal region The functional portion of the breast is found within the : - (ANS): Lobe The normal skin line should NOT measure more than : - (ANS): 2.0 mm The glandular breast tissue does not contain : - (ANS): Fat The glandular breast tissue contains : - (ANS): - Acini - Terminal duct lobular units (TDLU) - Lactiferous ducts - Epithelial / myoepithelial cells The primary function of the breast is : - (ANS): Milk production The number of lobes within each female breast usually range between : - (ANS): 15-20 lobes Which lymph nodes drain 75% of lymph from the breast ? - (ANS): Axillary nodes The lymph nodes located between the pectoral muscles are called : - (ANS): Rotter's nodes What is not true of normal intramammary lymph nodes? - (ANS): They are round and have a homogenous hypoechoic pattern What is true of normal intramammary lymph nodes ? - (ANS): - They are ovoid, have a hyperechoic hilum, and a hypoechoic rim. - They usually measure less than 1 cm. - They show a vascular pedicle at the hilum. - Most are found in the posterior upper outer quadrant. Most echogenic tissues within the breast include all of the following EXCEPT : - Cooper's ligaments - Skin line - Ribs - Fat - Glandular tissue - (ANS): Fat On a mammogram, the most specific indicator of cancer would be : - (ANS): Microcalcifications On a CC mammographic view, a mass that is lateral to the nipple will actually ____ than it appears on the MLO view. - (ANS): Lie lower The acronym MULD stands for : - (ANS): Medial - Up - Lateral - Down Normal lymph nodes usually measure less than or equal to 1 cm EXCEPT those found : - (ANS): Axillary The echogenicity of all tissues of the breast is similar to that of : - (ANS): Fat The skin line would be considered thick if it measured : - (ANS): 3.0 mm Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? - Fat exhibits a medium shade of gray. - Fibroglandular tissue is hyperechoic compared to fat. - Muscle is hypoechoic compared to fat. - Cooper's ligaments are isoechoic compared to fat. - Skin is hyperechoic compared to fat. - (ANS): Cooper's ligaments are isoechoic compared to fat. __________ are among the most echogenic structures seen within the breast and they may even produce edge shadowing. - (ANS): Cooper's ligaments In which order is the breast anatomy demonstrated sonographically beginning with the skin line? - (ANS): - Skin - Subcutaneous fat - Fibroglandular tissue - Muscle - Ribs - Lung What structures are included in the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU)? - (ANS): - Acini - Epithelial cells - One terminal duct - One lobule Breast atrophy occurs with what conditions? - (ANS): - Postmenopausal status - Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy - Fat necrosis - Low fat / High protein diet The best anatomic landmark for localizing parasternal lymph nodes are the : - (ANS): Internal thoracic artery and vein What makes up the skin of the breast? - (ANS): Epidermis and dermis The connective tissues responsible for suspending the breasts are called : - (ANS): Cooper's ligaments The inner portion of the breast duct is lined with : - (ANS): Epithelial cells On mammography, fat shows as medium gray and is referred to as radiolucent. What is also considered radiolucent? - (ANS): Galactocele Which of the following statements is TRUE for mammography? - Detection of calcifications is best seen in dense breast tissues. -Detection of masses is best in the fatty breast. - The standard views are craniocaudal and true lateral views. - Baseline mammograms should begin at age 50. - Side markers are always placed medial to the breast. - (ANS): Detection of masses is best is the fatty breast What tissues have a water density of mammography? - (ANS): Fibroglandular tissue The artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the inner / medial portion of the breast is the : - (ANS): Internal thoracic artery Which arteries are included in those supplying blood to the breast? - (ANS): - Axillary artery - Intercostal artery - Internal thoracic artery - Internal mammary artery The artery that supplies the outer half of the breast is the : - (ANS): Axillary artery Which vessel(s) is/are considered a continuation of the axillary artery? - (ANS): Subclavian artery and brachial artery These are all considered sonographic features of what? - Spiculation - Angular margins - Taller than wide - Hypoechogenicity - Microcalcification - Duct extension - Branch pattern - Microlobulation - Acoustic Shadowing - Disruption of tissue planes - (ANS): Malignancy Of the following findings, which one would NOT be a reliable diagnostic indicator for malignancy? - Posterior enhancement - Hypoechogenicity - Overall acoustic shadowing - Incompressibilty - Positive color flow - (ANS): Posterior enhancement What are these sonographic characteristics of ? - Anechoic - Sharply marginated - Posterior enhancement - Thin walls - (ANS): Simple cystic mass When evaluating a mass, you should observe what sonographic features? - (ANS): - Shape - Margin definition - Echogenicity - Attenuation If the margins of a mass are thin, defined, and smooth, the indication is that the mass shows sign of : - (ANS): Noninvasiveness A mass that has an uneven distribution of echoes of varying intensities is referred to as : - (ANS): Heterogeneous Which of the following sonographic features would be considered benign ? - Thick capsule - Marked hyperechogenicity - Marked hypoechogenicity - Microloobulations - Angular margins - (ANS): Marked hyperechogenictiy If a mass has very bright echoes, it is referred to as : - (ANS): Hyperechoic When a malignant tumor infiltrates surrounding tissues, a thick rind of bright echoes can be seen around it. The term for this reaction is called : - (ANS): Host response Which of the following statements would NOT apply to microcalcifications? - They cast acoustic shadows. - They suggest malignancy. - The measure less than 5mm in size. - They are not well defined sonographically. - They are best seen on mammogram. - (ANS): They cast acoustic shadows A tumor that has grown into several small peripheral ducts is referred to as : - (ANS): Branch pattern The sign that suggests an invasive malignancy on mammography and sonography is : - (ANS): Spiculation Which benign mass can cause a patient to present with a bloody nipple discharge? - (ANS): Papilloma When using color doppler to identify blood flow within a suspicious mass, which maneuver would be most helpful? - (ANS): Use low flow settings Of the following BI-RADS characteristics, which is the most indicative of malignancy? - Clustered calcifications - Enlarging mass - Nipple retraction - Spiculated irregular border - Focal architectural distortion - (ANS): Spiculated irregular border According to BI-RADS classification, Category 2 indicates : - (ANS): Benign finding A 17 year old female suffering from mononucleosis discovers a lump in her right axilla. Because of her strong family history of breast cancer, she begins to worry. Sonography reveals an elliptical hypoechoic mass measuring 3.5 cm with an echogenic central area. The mass is moveable but not painful. The most likely diagnosis would be : - (ANS): Reactive lymph node If the long axis of a mass is parallel to the skin line, it means the mass is : - (ANS): Wider than tall Which of the following features of a mass would be considered a secondary rather than primary feature? - Tumor extension into a duct - Orientation - Margin regularity - Attenuation effects - Shape - (ANS): Tumor extension into a duct A macrocalcification measures : - (ANS): Greater than or equal to 0.5 mm All of the following causes of skin thickening are benign EXCEPT : - Heart failure - Nephrotic syndrome - Mastitis - Lymphatic obstruction - Irraditation - (ANS): Lymphatic obstruction Which statement does not suggest malignancy ? - A mass has 2-3 macrolobulations. - A mass is non-parallel to the chest wall. - A mass is markedly hypoechoic. - A mass has irregular, ill-defined margins. - A mass is incompressible. - (ANS): A mass has 2-3 macrolobulations The BI-RADS Classification for mammography, ultrasound, and MRI was developed by : - (ANS): ACR (The American College of Radiology) Of the following, which would NOT be considered a complication of breast trauma? - Hematoma - Scarring - Skin thickening - Hamartoma - Fat necrosis - (ANS): Hamartoma A breast mass that is palpable, tender, moveable, compressible, and associated with the menstrual cycle is most likely to be a/an : - (ANS): A cyst The most common solid mass seen in women younger than 30 years of age is the : - (ANS): Fibroadenoma Obstruction of a lactiferous duct in a lactating women can lead to the development of a/an : - (ANS): Galactocele Benign breast disorders from most to least common : - (ANS): - Fibrocystic dysplasia - Cyst - Fibroadenoma - Galactocele - Papilloma - Mastitis - Abscess - Mondor's disease - Hematoma - Fat necrosis - Seroma Mastitis associated with lactation is referred to as : - (ANS): Puerperal (meaning someone just gave birth) A young patient presents with a bloody nipple discharge from one breast. This is most likely associated with : - (ANS): Intraductal papilloma What is the most common cause of a palpable breast lump in women 35-50 years of age? - (ANS): Fibrocystic changes Mastitis caused by trauma or infections is referred to as : - (ANS): Granulomatous mastitis Proliferation of subcutaneous fat and fibroglandular tissue in the male breast is called : - (ANS): Gynecomastia All of the following are associated with the benign fibroadenoma EXCEPT: - Well-circumscribed - Wider than tall - Fixed - Firm - Solid - (ANS): Fixed Of the following which would NOT be associated with fibrocystic changes ? - (ANS): Bloody discharge Which of the following statements would NOT be true for fibroadenomas? - There is a higher incidence among black females. - Fibroadenomas are benign. - They are common. - They are easily compressible. - Fibroadenomas are stimulated by hormones. - (ANS): They are easily compressible A young lactating female presents with a swollen, feverish breast that is extremely tender. Her diagnosis would most likely be : - (ANS): Mastitis All of the following benign pathologies have sonographic features similar to those for malignancy EXCEPT : - Sclerosing adenitis - Fibroadenoma - Fat necrosis - Diabetic mastopathy - Radial scar - (ANS): Fibroadenoma The sonographic appearance of breast tissue in a lactating patient is best characterized as : - (ANS): Ground glass Granulomatous mastitis can be associated with all of the following EXCEPT : - Foreign bodies - Parasitic disease - Tuberculosis - Breast implants - Mondor's disease - (ANS): Mondor's disease Of the following masses, which would present as a smooth, well-defined, hyperechoic mass? - Fibroadenoma - Medullary cancer - Abscess %CONTINUES..............
Libro relacionado
- 2009
- 9780941022750
- Desconocido
Escuela, estudio y materia
- Institución
- BREAST ARDMS 2023
- Grado
- BREAST ARDMS 2023
Información del documento
- Subido en
- 9 de marzo de 2023
- Número de páginas
- 57
- Escrito en
- 2022/2023
- Tipo
- Examen
- Contiene
- Preguntas y respuestas
Temas
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breast ardms
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breast ardms comprehensive exam review
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breast ardms comprehensive exam review guide 500 qampa updated summer 2023
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