Summary SPI Board Exam Review (GB) 600+ Complete Q&A (2022/2023.)
SPI Board Exam Review (GB) 600+ Complete Q&A (2022/2023.) __________ is the reciprocal of period. A. inverse period B. PRP C. frequency D. propagation speed - C. Frequency A bouquet has 30 flowers. The size of the bouquet is decreased by a factor of 3. How many flowers remain? A. 27 B. 0 C. 10 D. 15 - C. 10 A byte is composed of __ bits. A word is composed of ___ bytes. A. 2, 2 B. 8, 2 C. 16, 16 D. 8, 16 - B. 8, 2 (a string of eight bits of computer memory is a byte. Two bites of computer memory make a word. Since a byte is 8 bits, a word is 16 bits) A comprehensive and scholarly review of bioeffects is performed by the American institute of ultrasound in medicine for all of the following reasons except A. ultrasound is a versatile technique B. ultrasound has proven widespread clinical utility C. ultrasound is considered highly toxic D. applications of ultrasound are growing considerably - C. Ultrasound is considered highly toxic A duplex ultrasound system displays ___ information A. M-mode, two-dimensional image, and A mode B. A-mode and B-mode C. two-dimensional image and Doppler D. two-dimensional image and M-mode - C. two-dimensional image and Doppler (a duplex scanner displays both Doppler and two-dimensional image data). A force is applied to a surface. If the force is tripled and the surface area over which the force is applied is also tripled, what is the new pressure? A. three times larger than the original B. one third of the original C. six times more than the original D. unchanged - D. Unchanged A longitudinal wave propagates from east to west at a speed of 2 miles per hour. What is the direction of motion of the particles within the wave? A. from east to west only B. alternately from east to west and then from west to east C. from north to south only D. alternately from south to north and then from north to south - B. Alternately from east to west and then from west to east A maximum Doppler shift is obtained when the angle between the direction of blood flow and the direction of the sound beam is ___ A. 10 degrees B. 90 degrees C. 180 degrees D. 270 degrees - C. 180 degrees. (max Doppler shifts ccur when red blood cells travel directly toward or directly away from a transducer. an angle of 180 degrees between the sound source and the direction of motion exists when the cells travel away from the transducer). A pair of waves are in phase. What occurs when these waves interfere? A. reflection B. constructive interference C. refraction D. destructive interference - B. Constructive interference A particle within a transverse wave is traveling vertically. What is the direction of the wave's propagation? A. horizontal B. vertical C. diagonal; both horizontal and vertical D. cannot be determined - A. Horizontal A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: if the diameter of a sound beam is 8 mm at the depth equal to twice the near zone length, then the PZT crystal has a diameter of 16 mm. - FALSE; when a CW is produced by a disc shaped crystal, the beams diameter equals the crystals diameter at a depth that is twice the near zone length. A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: if the diameter of the acoustic beam produced by a crystal is 8 mm at a depth of twice the NZL, then the PZT crystal has a diameter of 8 mm. - TRUE A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: If the narrowest diameter of a sound beam is at a depth of 8 cm, then the PZT crystals diameter is 16 cm. - FALSE; the depth of the focus is not determined solely by the diameter of the piezoelectric crystal producing it. A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the far zone is the only region where the beam diameter exceeds the transducer diameter. - TRUE A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the greater the diameter of a transducers piezoelectric crystal, the longer the near zone length is. - TRUE A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the higher the frequency of the acoustic wavem the shorter the length of the near zone - FALSE the focus gets deeper as the frequency of the wave increases. With low frequency sound ,the focus is shallower. A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the near zone is the only region where the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the transducers. - FALSE. The sound beam created by a disc shaped continuous wave crystal is smaller than the crystal in the near zone and the initial part of the far zone A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the NZL is the only region where the diameter of a sound beam decreases as depth increases - TRUE A PZT crystal in the shape of a disc produces a continuous ultrasound wave. The beam is unfocused. TRUE OR FALSE: the thicker a CW transducers piezoelectric crystal, the longer the NZL is. - FALSE. Increasing the thickness of a piezoelectric crystal does not alter the length of the near zone of a continuous wave ultrasound beam. A sack contains 6 lbs of flour. The contents of the bag are increased by a factor of 5. How much flour is in the bag? A. 6 pounds B. 11 pounds C. 60 pounds D. 30 pounds - D. 30 pounds A signal with a 120 dB dynamic range is compressed by 40 dB. what is the dynamic range of the compressed signal? A. 40 dB B. 120 dB C. 3 dB D. 80 dB - D. 80 dB. (when a signals dynamic range is compressed, the decibels of compression are simply subtracted. in this case. 120-40=80 dB) A signal with a 120 dB dynamic range was previously compressed by 40 dB. what is the dynamic range of the original uncompressed signal? A. 160 dB B. 120 dB C. 3 dB D. 80 dB - A. 160 dB (when a signal is already compressed, the original dynamic range is obtained by adding the decibels of compression. in this case, 120 + 40 = 160 dB) A sonographer adjusts the max imaging depth of an ultrasound system. Which of the following also changes? (more than one answer may be correct) A. PRP B. wavelength C. PRF D. frequency - A and C. PRP and PRF. (the wavelength and frequency remain constant, as these terms describe the attributes of a single cycle within the pulse, and are not affected by alterations in imaging depth.) A sonographer adjusts the output power of the wave emitted by the transducer. Which of the following also changes? ( more than one answer may be correct.) A. pulse repetition period B. PRF C. propagation speed D. intensity - D. Intensity A sonographer is performing a study on a patient and desires superior depth resolution. Which of the following changes would create such a system? A. higher frequency B. shorter wavelength C. fewer cycles per pulse D. less ringing E. all of the above - E. All of the above A sonographer measures the perimeter of an anatomical structure. Which of the following choices is a reasonable value for this measurement? A. 6 cm^2 B. 5 cc C. 15 mm D. 10 dB - C. 15 mm A sonographer reduced the sector size from 90 degrees to 30 degrees. Frame rate, however, did not change. What else happened? A. imaging depth decreased B. pulse duration increased C. multi-focus was turned on D. PRF was increased - C. Multi-focus was turned on A sound beam travels 9cm in soft tissue. The attenuation coefficient is 3 dB/cm. What is the total attenuation that the sound beam experienced? A. 9dB B. 3 dB C. 27 dB D. 18 dB - C. 27 dB. (to calculate total attenuation, multiply path length by attenuation coefficient. 3 x 9 = 27 dB) A sound beam with an intensity of 45 W/cm^2 strikes a boundary and 70 % of the waves intensity is reflected. How much is transmitted? A. 45 W/cm^2 B. 25 W/cm^2 C. 30 % D. 100% - C. 30% (the law of conservation of energy states that the sum of the percentage of transmitted sound and the reflected sound equals 100%.) A sound pulse strikes a boundary between two media with normal incidence. The speed of sound in the two media are very different; however, the impedances of the media are identical. What will happen? A. a big echo will be produced B. a medium echo will result C. a small echo will result D. there will be no echo at all - D. There will be no echo at all A sound wave reaches a rough or irregular border between two media. Under these explicit circumstances, which process is most likely to occur? A. backscatter reflection B. specular reflection C. Rayleigh scattering D. refraction - A. Backscatter reflection A sound wave strikes a boundary between two media at a 60 degree angle. This is called ______ incidence. A. orthogonal B. angular C. obtuse D. oblique - D. Oblique A spectral sector shape is produced when this transducer is used. It looks like a wedge or a slice of pie, but it doesn't originate at a point. The sector has a blunted, curved shape at the top. The arc at the top of the image may be a few centimeters wide. A. linear switched array transducer B. linear phased array transducer C. mechanical transducer D. annular phased array transducer E. convex or curvilinear array transducer F. vector array transducer - E. Convex or curvilinear array transducer A system that has three transducers with frequencies of 7.5 MHz, 5 MHz, and 3.25 MHz. aliasing appears while using the 5.0 MHz transducer during a pulsed Doppler exam. what should the sonographer do? A. use the 3.25 MHz transducer B. use the 7.5 MHz transducer C. nothing; the other transducers do not provide solutions to the problem. - A. Use the 3.25 MHz transducer A video display that is limited to black and white only, with no shades of gray, is called A. binary B. bistable C. monochrome D. inchworm - B. Bistable A wave of acoustic energy is leaving soft tissue and transmitting into fat with an 86 degree incident angle. What is true of the angle of transmission? A. it is equal to 86 degrees B. it is less than 86 degrees C. it is greater than 86 degrees D. cannot be determined - B. It is less than 86 degrees A wave strikes an interface between two media and intensities are measured at the interface. What results when the reflected intensity is divided by the incident intensity? A. intensity reflection coefficient B. intensity transmission coefficient C. beam uniformity coefficient D. none of the above - A. Intensity reflection coefficient. (the intensity reflection coefficient is the percentage of the incident intensity that is reflected as a wave strikes a boundary between two media) According to the AIUM, at what in situ tissue temperature is there danger to a fetus? A. 100 degrees C B. 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit C. 1 degree Fahrenheit over normal temp D. 41 degrees C - D. 41 degrees C Acoustic artifacts include: (more than one answer may be correct.) A. images of reflectors in an inappropriate position B. images of reflectors with improper shape C. images of reflectors with incorrect brightness D. images that do not correspond to anatomical structures - A, B, C, D Acoustic focusing of an ultrasound beam may create which artifact? A. side lobes' B. refraction C. speckle D. enhancement - D. Enhancement Acoustic impedance is a property of the ___ and has units of ___ A. source and medium, Imps B. medium, dB C. medium, Rayls D. medium, Ohms - C. Medium, Rayls All of the following are associated with a CW Doppler transducer except: A. narrow bandwidth B. increased sensitivity C. backing material D. high Q-factor - C. Backing material (compared to pulsed transducers, continuous wave transducers do not use backing material. as a result, CW has increased sensitivity and is more able to detect small Doppler shifts). All of the following are consistent with an image containing black and white only with no shades of gray except A. bistable B. high constrast C. wide dynamic range - C. Wide dynamic range All of the following are correct about transducers except: A. it is necessary to sterilize transducers before use B. most transducers simply require disinfection as they do not penetrate mucous membranes C. sterilization could depolarize PZT D. they are unlikely to transmit infection - A. It is necessary to sterilize transducers before use All of the following are related to dedicated continuous wave Doppler transducers except: A. wide bandwidth B. high quality factor C. higher sensitivity D. range ambiguity - A. Wide bandwidth (continuous wave transducers have a narrow bandwidth. backing material in pulsed wave transducers creates a wide bandwidth. since dedicated continuous wave transducers do not use backing material, they have a narrow bandwidth.) All of the following are true about sound waves EXCEPT: A. they are mechanical B. they are transverse C. they carry energy from place to place D. they generally travel in a straight line - B. They are transverse All of the following are true of read zoom except: A. preprocessing function of a receiver B. same number of pixels are in the original ROI and the zoomed image. C. on the screen, the pixels in the zoomed image are larger than those in the ROI D. the same number of ultrasound pulses are used to create the original ROI and the zoomed image - A. Preprocessing function of a receiver. (read zoom is a postprocessing function of the receiver. The data originally in the region of interest (ROI) before zoom, remains intact. New information is not acquired). All of the following are true of the focus except: A. it is at the end of the near zone B. it is at the beginning of the fraunhofer zone C. it has the highest spatial peak intensity D. it is at the start of the Fresnel zone - D. It is at the start of the Fresnel zone All of the following are true of write zoom except A. preprocessing function of the receiver B. the same number of pixels are in the original ROI and the zoomed image C. the pixel size in the zoomed image and the ROI are the same D. in comparison to the zoomed image, fewer ultrasound pulses are used to create the original ROI - B. The same number of pixels are in the original ROI and the zoomed image. (write zoom is the preprocessing function of the receiver where new information is acquired from the region of interest (ROI). The data originally in the scan converter, before zoom, is discarded. All the pixels in the image are now concentrated into the ROI, thereby increasing the pixel density and image quality of the zoomed portion). All of the following are used to describe compensation except A. swept gain B. depth gain C. time gain D. amplitude gain - D. Amplitude gain All of the following decrease the flow energy of a fluid except: A. frictional loss B. viscous loss C. inertial loss D. velocity loss - D. Velocity loss. (three energy losses associated with flow through the circulation are frictional, viscous, and inertial loss) All of the following describe dynamic receive focusing except A. delay pattern changes continuously throughout reception B. may be used by single crystal transducers C. focusing occurs at many depths D. automatically preformed by system - B. May be used by single crystal transducers All of the following may be used to evaluate Doppler systems except A. tissue equivalent phantom B. moving belt phantom C. vibrating string phantom D. Doppler phantom - A. Tissue equivalent phantom All of the following occur with focusing except: A. lower intensity at the focus B. shorter NZL C. more compact focal zone D. smaller diameter beam diameter at the end of the near zone - A. Lower intensity at the focus. (focusing does not lower the beams intensity at the focus. With focusing, the near zone is shallower, the focal zone is smaller, and the beam is narrower at the focus) All of the following reduce temporal resolution by increasing the number of pulses per image EXCEPT: A. increasing the number of foci B. increasing line density C. increasing field of view D. increasing depth of view - D. Increasing depth of view All of the following terms describe the shape of a sound wave created by a tiny fragment of PZT except: A. spherical B. Huygen's wavelet C. V-shaped D. hourglass shaped - D. Hourglass shaped An acoustic pulse reflects from a very smooth boundary where the irregularities on the surface of the boundary are much smaller than the pulses wavelength. What type of reflection is most likely to occur under these circumstances? A. partial B. Raleigh C. specular D. total - C. Specular An acoustic wave in medium B is traveling towards medium A the sound beam strikes the boundary at 45 degree angle. The propagation speed is 1547 m/sec for medium A and 1,745 m/sec for medium B. what is true of the angle of transmission? A. it is greater than 45 degrees B. it is less than 45 degrees C. it is equal to 45 degrees D. cannot be determined - B. It is less than 45 degrees An acoustic wave is in medium A and traveling toward medium B. The sound beam's angle of transmission into medium B with relation to the boundary is 79 degrees. Sounds propagation speed is 1547 m/sec in medium A and 1745 m/sec in medium B. if reflection and transmission both occur at the boundary, what can be said of the reflection angle? A. it is greater than 79 degrees B. it is less than 79 degrees C. it is equal to 79 degrees D. cannot be determined - B. It is less than 79 degrees An acoustic wave is traveling from medium X into medium Z. Medium X has a propagation speed of 1457 m/sec and an impedance of 1.44 MRayls. Medium Z has a propagation speed of 1,644 m/sec and an impedance of 1.26 MRayls. The angle of incidence is 32 degrees. What is true of the angle of the transmitted wave? A. it is greater than 32 degrees B. it is equal to 32 degrees C. it is less than 32 degrees D. cannot be determined - A. It is greater than 32 degrees An acoustic wave is traveling from medium X to medium Z. medium X has a propagation speed of 1,457 m/sec and an impedance of 1.44 MRayls. Medium Z's propagation speed is 1,644 m/sec and its impedance is 1.26 MRayls. The angle of incidence is 32 degrees. What is the true angle of reflection? A. it is greater than 32 degrees B. it is equal to 32 degrees C. it is less than 32 degrees D. cannot be determined - B. It is equal to 32 degrees An acoustic wave is traveling through soft tissue. Its intensity undergoes six dB of attenuation. How does the final intensity of the wave relate to the intensity of the wave when it started its journey? A. it is now four times larger B. it is now 6 times larger C. it is now 1/4 as large D. it is now 1/10 as large - C. It is now 1/4 as large. (6 dB of attenuation is made of two groups of -3 dB. Each -3 dB indicates halving of intensity.) An ultrasonic pulse has a pulse repetition period of 1.2 msec, a SPL of 2.0 mm, and a wavelength of 0.4 mm. What is the axial resolution of the system? A. 2.0 mm B. 1.0 mm C. 0.4 mm D. 1.8 mm - B. 1.0 mm. (the axial resolution of an ultrasound system is equal to half of the SPL produced by the system) An ultrasonic pulse is traveling in soft tissue,. Which of the following is most important in the determination of the frequency of the sound? A. the propagation speed of an ultrasound transducers matching layer B. the thickness of the transducers backing material C. the impedance of the transducers matching layer D. the propagation speed of the transducers active element - D. The propagation speed of the transducers active element An ultrasound pulse propagates from soft tissue through a mass. Sound's propagation speed in the mass is 1,575 m/s. TRUE OR FALSE: the frequency of the wave increases as it travels through the mass. - False An ultrasound pulse propagates from soft tissue through a mass. Sound's propagation speed in the mass is 1,575 m/s. TRUE OR FALSE: the period of the sound wave decreases as it travels through the mass. - False An ultrasound pulse propagates from soft tissue through a mass. Sound's propagation speed in the mass is 1,575 m/s. TRUE OR FALSE: the power in the wave increases as it travels through the mass. - False An ultrasound pulse propagates from soft tissue through a mass. Sound's propagation speed in the mass is 1,575 m/s. TRUE OR FALSE: the wavelength increases while the wave travels through a mass. - True An ultrasound system with a 4.0 MHz transducer is used to image structures as deep as 15 cm. Twenty images are produced each second, each requiring 100 acoustic pulses. What is the PRF of the system? A. 1,500 Hz B. 300 Hz C. 2,000 Hz D. 4 MHz - C. 2,000 Hz *CONT..........................
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- 2013
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