NLN-PAX RN Vocabulary (Test Bank)

NLN-PAX RN Vocabulary (Test Bank) what deficiency causes night blindness Vitamin A A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the paramecia will be observed? They eventually will all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide The process of nuclear cell division in the cell reproduction of plants differs from mammals. A major difference is that cell plates are synthesized Which organism uses nitrogen directly from the air? blue green algae You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first? wash the wound continuously with cold running water Which of these units is associated with magnitude but not direction? In varieties of matter, the term heterogenous may be applied to mixtures but not elements or compounds Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known as goiter The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known as diffraction Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family? Tuolene Which of these single measurements can be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit? Ammeter Which of these substances contain a non polar covalent bond O2 Which of these temperatures is known as Absolute Zero 0 K Which of these processes is responsible for recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution? Mechanical Digestion - breaking down of food into smaller pieces Chemical Digestion breaking down of nutrients into into small molecules hydrolysis - the process by splitting molecules by adding water. enzymes - the speeding up of action in digestive system chemically anus - one of the two opening that allows you to defecate alimentary canal - anus and mouth canal - has specialized processes for digestion. accessory organs - liver, gullbladder, and pancreas surface area - makes food easier to swallow and digest salivary glands - food stimulates a part of your mouth to release saliva which contains enzyme amylase amaylase - breaks down starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules monosaccharides and disaccharides pharynx - when food is swallowed in gets pushes down by the tongue into the throat. esophagus - food passes through here epiglottis - covers wind pipe when swallowing stomach - from the esophagus food is passed there next peristalsis - the process of food passing the esophagus towards the stomach gastric juice - the lining of the stomach releases a juice made of hydrochloric and protease protease - protein digesting enzyme chyme - smooth muscles mix partially digested food in the stomach and the result is a liquid. small intestine - chyme is released into the small intestine in small portions through the pyloric sphincter - most digestion takes place in the small intestine -major site for absorption of of nutrients into the blood stream pyloric sphincter - chyme is released here through the P. S liver - produces bile stored in the gull bladder bile - helps break down fats gallbladder - located connected to the liver pancreas - provides number of enzymes needed for digestion villi - facilitates absorption - increases surface area for absorption of the end products of digestion into the blood and lymph. large intestine (colon) - undigested food is moved up into the large intestine or colon, which is responsible for reabsorbing water that has entered the alimentary canal Rectum - feces stored here egestion - elimination from the body Atrium - 2 chambers that receive blood ventricle - 2 chambers that pump blood to body atrioventricular valve -the valve in which blood passes from the atrium to the ventricle - purpose of valve to prevent back flow pulmonary artery - the right ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve into the pulmonary arteries - which is then carried to the lungs deoxygenated blood - at first the blood is deoxygenated and then oxygenated in the lungs oxygenated blood - blood receives air at the lungs, where gas exchange occurs. pulmonary vein - newly oxygenated blood leaves the lungs through the P. V's systole happens simultaneously in the left and right ventricle. Blood pressure in the right and left ventricles rise. The AV valves close and the semi lunar valves close as well. This drives the pressure in the ventricles up and since pressure in the ventricles is greater than the pressure in the artery the semi valves open and blood flows in. diastole Happens when the right and left ventricles empty their blood in the semi lunar arteries. The volume in the ventricle stays the same but the pressure falls. At this point the atria is already filled with blood so while the ventricles are resting the blood in the atria fill the ventricles again for the next systole to occur. pulmonary circulation - the circulation of blood through the lungs systemic circulation - the circulation of blood through the body coronary circulation - circulation of blood in the heart blood - considered connective tissue that is made up of a variety of cells suspended in liquid called plasma plasma - variety of cells suspended in a liquid hemoglobin contains 4 protein chains; each chain is called globin. Each of these globin is bound to heme pigment (red pigments containing iron). Each one has a heme pigment & the heme pigment has iron in it (iron atom) and it binds to the oxygen molecule. They bind them in lungs and releases them in the tissue, when they get into the capillaries in the tissue. Heme is a pigment and the color varies depending on its structure and what it is bound to. If it's a regular heme& it is bound to oxygen it gives off a reddish color, that's why oxygenated blood looks red. And when oxygen is bound the color is light blue. When it unites to a little unit in the liver the heme turns into green (bilirubin) and it the small intestine it gets changed into brown. The causing of this is because heme reflects the light. white blood cells there are variety of different white blood they all play a role in your immune system. They look like normal cells they have nuclei and mitochondria. They have a special ability to move out of the capillary and into the tissue, so your whole-body can be exposed to them, not just inside the cardiovascular system because they check if there are any pathogens. They are invisible unless you stain them you'll see some cells have granule stains and some don't so they'll be agranule. Lymphocytes are agranular. platelets - found in blood plasma important for clotting lymph capillaries - as blood passes through the vessels of the circulatory system , fluid and proteins can leak out - the lost fluid diffuses into the L. C's lymph nodes - are special pockets in the lymphatic system where the lymph is filtered - white blood cells are present here to attack bacteria and viruses that may be present in the fluid arteries - transport blood away from the heart because they carry blood at a relatively high pressure veins - veins transport blood to the heart and they contain valves to prevent back flow of blood as it returns to the heart capillaries - are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins. Cell the smallest living unit and the basic unit of function and structure for all living things. Nucleus contains the genetic information, or DNA, and controls the activities of the cell. Plasma (cell) membrane