NLN-PAX Anatomy, Complete Solution

NLN-PAX Anatomy, Complete Solution interstitial The fluid outside the cell, the _____________________ fluid, contains substances such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids, hormones, neurotransmitters, and salts rough The _____________________ ER serves as a means for transport within the cell and is made up of many channels and serves to store and deliver the proteins made by the [attached] ribosomes. smooth The _____________________ ER functions in the storage of enzymes and minerals and the folding of proteins as well as in the detoxification of chemicals and the metabolism of fats. golgi complex The _____________________ _____________________ modifies and packages proteins destined for use in the cell or for export from the cell. cell wall Plant cells can be distinguished from other cells by the facts that they are surrounded by a _____________ _____________ and contain chloroplasts. vacuoles _____________________ are compartments in the cytoplasm that act as places for secretion, excretion, and storage. somatic _____________________ cells are nonreproductive cells. mitosis In somatic cells, the new cells are identical copies of the parent cell. This type of cell division is referred to as _____________________. -- this type of division is useful in the growth and repair of our bodies. meiosis _____________________ is a type of division that takes place in the production of gametes. zygote In meiosis, the _____________________ is created by the union of a sperm and egg and contains a full set of chromosomes, half from each parent. four daughter cells (each with half the normal number of chromosomes -- so when cells combine, have half from each parent) The product of meiosis is what? connective _____________________ tissue contains cartilage, blood, fat, and bone. taxonomy The study of scientific classification: kingdoms, phylum, class, order, genus, species Unit of classification: animal, plant, monera, bacteria, fungi The 5 Kingdoms: passive _____________________ transport does not require energy and makes use of diffusion and filtration. hypertonic; shrinkage When the solute is more concentrated outside the cell than inside it, the solution is _____________________. The result is _____________________ of the cell. hypotonic; swelling When the solute concentration outside the cell is lower than that inside the cell, the solution is _____________________. The result is _____________________ of the cell. filtration _____________________ is the movement of water and solutes through the membrane by hydrostatic pressure. autotrophs (also referred to as producers) _____________________ are organisms that produce their own food from inorganic substances. plants Example of an autotroph: heterotrophs (also referred to as consumers) _____________________ obtain their food by consuming organic substances (either plants or animals) herbivores (plant eaters); omnivores (plant and meat eaters) Primary consumers include _____________________ and _____________________. carnivores; omnivores that eat herbivores Secondary consumers include _____________________ and _____________________ ... carnivores that eat other carnivores or omnivores Tertiary consumers include: .... autotrophs _____________________ are the most important trophic level in the ecosystem. biotic _____________________ factors include the living parts of the ecosystem [that affect an ecosystem]. abiotic _____________________ factors are nonliving influences such as temperature, humidity, or soil composition. symbiosis Separate species living together: parasitism One species benefits and one species is harmed: commensalism One species benefits and one is unaffected: mutualism Both species benefit: biosphere A _____________________ is the entire portion of our planet that is inhabited by living things in a variety of ecosystems and communities. deserts Little precipitation, more arid than all of the other biomes: tropical rain forests High humidity, abundant rain, known for biodiversity, trees grow very tall and there is a great competition for light, little light reaches the forest floor deciduous forests Temperate, midlatitude regions, support the growth of large trees such as oaks and maples coniferous forests (taigas) Found at high and cool elevations where seasons consist of short summers and long cold winters, characterized by pine and firs which do not shed their leaves in cold months tundras Very cold temperatures and high altitude, growth of shrubs and bushes but no trees T;C A --- ____________ G -- _____________ U In RNA A -- __________ independent The _____________________ variable is changed by the experimenter. x;y The independent variable is plotted on the _____ axis and the dependent on the _____ axis. digestion The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder all contribute to _____________________. glucose In chemical digestion, the nutrient carbohydrate's end product is _____________________. cardiovascular; lymphatic The circulatory system is made up of the _____________________ system and the _____________________ system. receive; pump The atria _____________________ blood and the ventricles _____________________ blood. away; to Arteries transport blood _____________________ from the heart. Veins transport blood _____________________ the heart. sensory _____________________ neurons transmit impulses from sense organs and receptors to the spinal cord. interneurons _____________________ make up the brain and spinal cord; transmits impulses between other neurons; part of reflex arc motor