Fundamentals of Nursing (latest update)

Fundamentals of Nursing (latest update) Chapter 1: Nursing Today Nursing as A Profession: i. Nursing is an art and a science ii. Nurses are advocates for patients and are considered educators and teachers Science and Art of Nursing Practice i. Both science and an art and you need to be most current on knowledge to help provide the highest level of care for your patients ii. According to Benne, nurses must pass through 5 stages of development before bcoming an expert a. Novice- beg nurse/ student nurse, no prior experience b. Advance Beginner- has had some exposure and experience c. Competent- being in the same role 2-3 years and knows what to do d. Proficient- more than 2-3 years in the same role and able to transfer knowledge, focuses on managing care e. Expert- able to quickly identify the problem and distinguish the proper level of care i. Identify patient-centered issues and health care issues and problems with the novice nurse Scope and Standards of Practice: i. When providing care, you are to provide care according to the standards of practice and follow the code of ethics ii. Ana definition of nursing- a. The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevetion of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocate. i. Nursing Process: b. Assessment- collecting initial data from the patient c. Diagnosis- analyzes the assessment of the data collected d. Outcome identification- identify expected outcomes for the patient of situation e. Planning- develop a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives f. Implementation- implements the identified plan g. Evaluation- evaluates programs toward attainment outcomes Professional Responsibilities and Roles: h. You are responsible for maintaining knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities i. Nurses Roles i. Autonomy and Accountability- you are accountable for how to care for the patient without medical orders. You have to remain current and competent in nursing and scientific knowledge and technical skills ii. Caregiver- you help your patient maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain maximum level of function and independence through the healing process. Help families set realistic goals and meet them iii. Advocate- protect your patients legal rights and help to assert these rights if the need arises iv. Educator- you teach and explain to your patient the reason behind the medication or treatment and why it is important to follow these rules. Always use teaching techniques that pertain to your patient and help them establish easier. v. Communicator- you are the communicator between your patient and the family, in the nursing role or with collegiate. You must be an effective communicator in order to assists patients vi. Manager- coordinates activities for nursing staff and make sure that patient care and nursing care are put forth. vii. Career Development- roles of the nurse can differ in different settings depending on the role that you have is how you act as a nurse in that setting 1. Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRN)- independently functioning role of nurses and have advanced education in patho, pharm, physical assessment and certification in specialized areas of practice. A nurse can take on 4 roles a. Clinical Nurse Specialist- APRN nurse that is specialized in a certain area of practice ( geriatrics, peds, family, ) b. Nurse Practitioner- APRN that specialize in the treatment of families or groups usually in outpatient or ambulatory care. Provides a more holistic approach than physicians. c. Certified MideWIfe- APRN is certified by the College of nurse Midwifes and focuses on independent care for women during normal prego, labor. Also does some gyno stuff like (PAP, family planning and minor vag infections d. Certified Regestistered Nurse Anesthetist- APRN that has advanced education from a nurse anesthesia- accredited program and works under the supervision of the anesthesiologist. Requires 1 year work in emergency care or critical care viii. Nurse Educator- usually teachers or staff health agencies that provide educational topics to students on current nursing theories and trends usually have a masters or doctorate degree and some sort of specialization to be able to teach and educate ix. Nurse Administrator- manage patient care and delievery of specific nursing services within a health care agency. They budget, staff, plan programs and help patients save money for example if the medicine costs a lot of money. Masters degree or doctorate x. Nurse Researcher- conducts evidence based practice or research to further improve nursing care and expand the scope of nursing practice. Usually need a master’s degree or doctorate Historical Influences: j. Florence Nightingale- i. Developed the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration ii. She also developed the first training school for nurses in London iii. She was known as the “lady with the lamp” as she helped in the Crimean War where she went to the hospital and saw that the sanitation was not the best. Patients were dying quickly as a result she did some changes and within 6 months’ mortality rate dropped from 42- 6 % Importance of Nurse’s Self-Care: i. Nurses are fully engaged and also feel when they have dying patients ii. These lead the nurse to develop Compassionate Fatigue- the term used to describe a state of burnout and secondary traumatic stress. iii. Nurses sometimes keep everything in which leads to lateral violence- when you lash out and make faces because you have all this build up and are stressed iv. Nursing students face this type of violence when they start at a new unit Affordable Care Act: i. ACA affects how health care is paid and delivered ii. Requiring for nurses to be more community based : care centers, schools, senior living facilities Trends in Nursing: i. Nursing as a whole continues to grow and revolutionize as there are changed in society, technology ii. Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) was developed to respond to reports about nurses safety and quality of care by the IOM iii. Genomics- the way by which traits are passed down from one generation to another. a. Study of all of the persons genes and the interactions with one another and that persons environemt b. For example if you have a family history of colon cancer, you are at risk to develop this and should get tested before age 50 rather than someone who does not have a family history of this