WGU D115 Unit 6/40 Questions and Answers
Which statement is true regarding renal blood flow?
No autoregulation is found in renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow. - -The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac output. -A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys - -
Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen reaction seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is produced in the antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP mnemonic to help you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
STREP = Streptococcus -Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - -Inflammation
in the nephron causes increased permeability in the nephron. -Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - -Nephrotic syndrome is caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney. Massive amounts of protein are
lost in the urine which depletes the blood of albumin. The patient often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not hematuria). -Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection. - -Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling puts skin at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid filled -What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - -Renal calculi is the technical term for kidney stones. -Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency department. with renal calculi - -At least one of the renal calculi was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to move easily through the ureter. -List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely blocks a ureter, and briefly explain why. - -Hydroureter and hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce urine even if the ureter
is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to accumulate, dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads to a buildup of waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury. -Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - -Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute, which will help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones along the passageway to excretion should they recur. -Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - -Amylase -Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - -pepsin -Produced by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides - -lipase -Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning anticipated 24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - -It is typical to expect 700-1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each patient is an individual and
a hospice patient may have a personal norm that is different from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube output can be used to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes. -Are the patient's symptoms of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation specific to GERD? Why or why not? - -Dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation are not specific to GERD. They can occur in achalasia, GERD, hiatal hernia, and other disorders. Achalasia is not as common as H-pylori infection, which also causes GERD symptoms. H-pylori infection should be ruled out for patients presenting with these three symptoms. -describe the danger of untreated GERD. - -Repeated irritation of the distal esophagus by gastric acid can cause the dysplastic changes of Barrett esophagus, which is an important risk factor for esophageal cancer. -A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Referred
Parietal
Phantom
Visceral - -Parietal pain is caused by a stimulus in the parietal peritoneum. The nerves in the parietal peritoneum are made up of A-delta fibers. These fibers travel to the spinal cord and correspond with the skin dermatomes T6 and L1. This produces localized and intense pain that lateralizes because the
Which statement is true regarding renal blood flow?
No autoregulation is found in renal blood flow.
The kidneys receive 50% of cardiac output.
The kidneys receive 1000-1200 mL of blood per minute.
The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is not related to renal blood flow. - -The kidneys receive almost a quarter of cardiac output. -A patient with untreated strep throat is more likely to have with kidneys - -
Nephritic syndrome is caused by an antibody/antigen reaction seen after group a-beta hemolytic strep. Antistreptolysin is produced in the antibody/antigen reaction. You can use the HAD STREP mnemonic to help you remember:
H = hypertension
A = +ASO (antistreptolysin O)
D = decreased GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
STREP = Streptococcus -Briefly explain why edema occurs with nephritic syndrome. - -Inflammation
in the nephron causes increased permeability in the nephron. -Describe the pathology of nephrotic syndrome.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - -Nephrotic syndrome is caused by damage to the filtering system in the kidney. Massive amounts of protein are
lost in the urine which depletes the blood of albumin. The patient often presents with frothy urine and anasarca (not hematuria). -Explain why patients with nephrotic syndrome are at high risk for infection. - -Nephrotic syndrome is an idiopathic condition often treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Massive swelling puts skin at risk for breakdown because the skin becomes friable and fluid filled -What is the two-word technical term for kidney stones? - -Renal calculi is the technical term for kidney stones. -Describe what caused the pain that sent this patient to the emergency department. with renal calculi - -At least one of the renal calculi was obstructing the ureter because it was too large to move easily through the ureter. -List the adverse effects that could arise if a renal calculus completely blocks a ureter, and briefly explain why. - -Hydroureter and hydronephrosis could occur because the kidney continues to produce urine even if the ureter
is blocked. The blockage would cause urine to accumulate, dilating the ureter first, and then the renal pelvis. This leads to a buildup of waste products in the body and can lead to kidney injury. -Explain why it is important for the patient to learn to increase her fluid intake to 8-10 glasses of fluid per day. with renal calculi - -Drinking 8-10 glasses of fluid per day will keep her urine dilute, which will help keep renal calculi from forming and will help move stones along the passageway to excretion should they recur. -Produced in the mouth and breaks down starch - -Amylase -Produced in the stomach and breaks down protiens - -pepsin -Produced by the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides - -lipase -Describe how you would educate a hospice patient concerning anticipated 24-hour output of his or her biliary drainage tube.
Submit and Compare, displayed below - -It is typical to expect 700-1200 cc of biliary output in a 24-hour period, though each patient is an individual and
a hospice patient may have a personal norm that is different from the standard health individual. Biliary drainage tube output can be used to calculate fluid lost for hydration purposes. -Are the patient's symptoms of dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation specific to GERD? Why or why not? - -Dysphagia, dyspepsia, and regurgitation are not specific to GERD. They can occur in achalasia, GERD, hiatal hernia, and other disorders. Achalasia is not as common as H-pylori infection, which also causes GERD symptoms. H-pylori infection should be ruled out for patients presenting with these three symptoms. -describe the danger of untreated GERD. - -Repeated irritation of the distal esophagus by gastric acid can cause the dysplastic changes of Barrett esophagus, which is an important risk factor for esophageal cancer. -A patient has localized and has intense abdominal pain that lateralizes. In order to move forward with your assessment, you consider the types of pain.
Which type of pain is this patient most likely experiencing?
Referred
Parietal
Phantom
Visceral - -Parietal pain is caused by a stimulus in the parietal peritoneum. The nerves in the parietal peritoneum are made up of A-delta fibers. These fibers travel to the spinal cord and correspond with the skin dermatomes T6 and L1. This produces localized and intense pain that lateralizes because the
