RNSG 1538 - Exam 5 Intracranial.

Exam 5 Intracranial Review Intracranial regulation: NORMAL ICP= 5-15 Risk for imbalance: ▪ Elderly persons: degenerative patho conditions or injuries (FALLS)= intracranial regulation imbalance ▪ Adolescents and young adults: Traumatic injury to head SEIZURES: (9) Episodes of abnormal motor, sensory, or autonomic activity ▪ All or part of brain can be involved Types Partial (focal): begin in one hemisphere OR in a specific region of cortex (temporal, frontal, or parietal, most often) ▪ Simple partial: conscious maintains (dejavue) palpitations, flushing ▪ Complex partial: Lose conscious for several minutes; lip-smacking, knit & pick, amnesia Generalized: involve electrical discharges beginning in both hemispheres of brain and spreading throughout cortex and down into brainstem: resulting in abnormal movements/spasms bilaterally •Absence (petit-mal): blank stare, last few seconds •tonic-clonic (grand-mal) Tonic=complete stiffness + clonic=jerking 4 distinct phases: 1) Prodromal: right before 2) Aural: odor, taste, vision 3) Ictal: seizure taking place=INCONTINENT ☹ 4) Post-ictal: immediately following tonic/clonic= deep sleep>4-6 hours Monitor: RR & reposition ▪ Idiopathic: genetic/developmental defects ▪ Acquired: trauma, infection, hypoglycemia, metabolic disturbances, endocrine dysfunction, tumors, ETOH, withdraw (doesn’t mean for the rest of life) ▪ Epilepsy: condition of recurrent seizure activity-� different intervals (now > 8months >2years > 6 months for rest of life RISK FOR SEIZURE: . •Febrile state: >103-104 GOAL: decrease fever •Exposure to toxins •Metabolic disorder •Hypoxia •F&E imbalances •Tumors: brain triggers: Flashing lights, excessive caffeine intake, overwhelming fatigue, excessive stress DRUGS: cocaine, aerosol, glue products