AC1.1 Analyse Different Types of Crime

AC1.1 Analyse Different Types of Crime White collar crimes - White collar crimes are financially motivated crimes that are committed by people who are in a position of power or authority Criminal offences for white collar crimes - - Defrauding customers - Tax evasion - Breaking health + safety laws - Illegally discriminating against employees Offenders of white collar crime - People of high respectability such as company directors as well as professionals such as accountants, lawyers, doctors and business owners. Corporate crime - When a crime is committed on behalf of a company e.g cheating customers or evading tax to increase profits Victims of white collar crime - - General public - Employer - Competing organisation - People who can invest in financial schemes Level of public awareness for white collar crimes - It is relatively low and is said to be invisible compared to street crimes Criminal, deviant or both (white collar crimes) - They are both criminal and deviant - Criminal because they involve breaking the law - Deviant because they cause great harm Case study of white collar crimes - The Kray twins The Mafia Bernie Madoff Moral crimes - Moral crimes are acts that go against society's norms or moral codes Criminal offences for moral crimes - - Prostitution - Selling or possessing illegal drugs - Begging - Under age drinking/smoking Offenders of moral crimes - They vary according to the particular crime - Drug dealers may be a source of income - Shopkeepers selling to underage may be day to day business - Beggars may be forced into it due to personal circumstances Victims of moral crimes - Usually considered victimless, no specific victim, especially when involving consenting adults Level of public awareness for moral crimes - - Little public awareness, especially when the offender and victim have a shared interest of concealing the offence - In other cases the public may be aware of the offence but choose not to report it Criminal, deviant or both (moral crimes) - They are acts that break the criminal law and are generally seen as deviant State crimes - Illegal or deviant activities committed by a state/government also include crimes committed by other individuals or groups with the backing of the state Criminal offences of state crimes - - Genocide - Torture - Police brutality - Imprisonment without trial - War crimes - Political crimes Offenders of state crimes - State officials such as politicians, police officers and the security forces, could also be government supporters acting with encouragement from the state Level of public awareness of state crimes - The scale of state crimes is often huge, so the public are likely to be aware especially if the media are involved However states are powerful and are often able to conceal their crimes Victims of state crimes - The citizens of the state in question or of another state who has been subject to aggression or occupation of a foreign state Criminal, deviant or both (state crimes) - Actions such as war crimes, genocide, police brutality are clearly deviant, they are also criminal however states can make their own laws to define their actions as not criminal Case study for state crimes - - The Holocaust, 5-6 million Jews killed by Nazi's - Rwanda, 800,000 killed by state's forces Technological crimes - Crimes that involve the use of information and communication technology such as the internet and social media