Chapter 05: Epidemiology Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 7th Edition

1. An epidemiologist has written a summary of a food poisoning outbreak, including its cause and ways to prevent it from occurring in the future. Which best describes what has been done? a. Analytic epidemiology b. Descriptive epidemiology c. Prospective cohort study d. Retrospective cross-sectional survey ANS: B There are two principal types of epidemiology: (1) analytic epidemiology and (2) descriptive epidemiology. Descriptive epidemiology describes the amount and distribution of disease, which may suggest possible causes. These causes can then be confirmed or corrected through more advanced methods of research. Analytic epidemiology investigates the causes of disease by determining why a disease rate is lower in one population group than another. A prospective cohort study monitors a group of disease-free individuals to determine whether and when disease occurs. Retrospective studies compare individuals with a particular condition or disease and those who do not have the disease. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 2. Two brothers played with their cousin. One brother later became quite ill, whereas the other did not. Which provides the best explanation for this occurrence? a. Difference in length of time exposed b. Difference in how actively the children played c. Difference in genetic inheritance between the two brothers d. Difference in lifestyle between the two brothers ANS: C Assuming the two brothers lived in the same household, the environment and the agent or infectious organisms are the same. The only difference could be between the two brothers themselves and their genetic inheritance. DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 3. In which circumstance would it be more helpful to use the wheel model of epidemiology than the epidemiological triangle model? a. When factors outside the triangle model are involved b. When there are multiple causes for a chronic disease c. When research has not yet determined the exact cause d. When trying to explain the situation to a lay person ANS: B The epidemiological triangle model of agent-host-environment is very useful, especially with single-cause infectious diseases. However, with the multiple factors involved in chronic diseases, the wheel model is more useful in analyzing and identifying the multiple variables. NURSINGTB.COM Community Public Health Nursing 7th Edition Nies Test Bank NU RS IN GT B.CO M DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 4. Which best describes the importance of discovering all of the variables that may be involved in creating a disease state in some persons? a. People w