Paramedic National Registry Exam Review Already Passed

Paramedic National Registry Exam Review Already Passed Stridor harsh, high-pitched sound, swelling, FB in upper airway Snoring tongue blocking airway Gurgling indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway, need for suctioning Decorticate posturing characterized by upper extremities flexed at the elbows and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are externally rotated and extended. occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited by the motor function of the cerebral cortex. Decerebrate posturing (worse) extended and internally rotated elbows and legs, teeth clenched, legs stiff and feet extended Babinski response big toe moves upward and other toes fan out when stroking bottom of foot, means CNS problem Dilated pupils Mydriasis cardiac arrest, shock, cereal hypoxia, cocaine, epinephrine, amphetamines Small/constricted pupils -Miosis narcotics, central nervous system disorder, glaucoma medication, bright light Unequal pupils -Anisocoria brain injury, brain tumor, stroke, artificial eye, some eye medications, eye injury or disease, ICP Nystagmus rapid involuntary movements of the eyes Causes of distended neck veins (JVD) -Tension penumothorax -Cardiac tamponade -Right heart failure -Traumatic asphyxia -Pulmonary embolus -Emphysema -Chronic bronchitis -best seen at a 45 degree angle Flat neck viens -Hemothorax -Dehydration -Shock -best seen with patient supine Apenustic long, deep breaths that are stopped during inspirations then periods of apnea Causes of apneustic breath sounds CNS injury or stroke Biot (ataxic) respirations Irregular pattern, rate, and depth of respirations with intermittent periods of apnea; result from increased intracranial pressure. Cheyne-Stokes respiration Increasing in rate and depth, decreasing in rate and depth with period of apnea, results from a neurological condition Hyperventilation Rapid and shallow Kussmaul respirations Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body. Fruity breath Rales/Crackles Fluid in small airways/alveoli Causes of Rales/Crackles CHF, pulmonary edema, drowning, pneumonia, COPD Rhonchi Mucus or fluid in larger airways/bronchi Causes of rhonchi Bronchitis, COPD, penumonia Wheezing Whistling sound due to bronchoconstriction or narrowing of the terminal bronchioes due to edema Causes of wheezing Asthma and allergic reactions Right upper quadrant -Liver -Gallbladder -Stomach Left upper quadrant -Spleen -Liver -Stomach -Pancreas Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) -Appendix -Right ovary & tube -Bladder