NHM 201. Ch. 1 vocab with 100% correct answers

Nutrients Definition: Chemical substances in foods that are used by the body for growth and health. Food Securtiy Definition: Access at all times to a sufficient supply of safe, nutritious foods. 00:02 01:39 Food Insecurity Definition: Limited or uncertain availability of safe, nutritious foods, or the ability to acquire them in socially acceptable ways. Calories Definition: A unit of measure of the amount of energy supplied by food. Also known as the "kilocalorie" (kcal), or the "large calorie." Essential Nutrients Definition: Substances required for growth and health that cannot be produced, or produced in sufficient amounts, by the body. They must be obtained from the diet. essential amino acids Definition: Amino acids that cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by humans and therefore must be obtained from the diet. Also called indispensible amino acids. nonessential nutrients Definition: Nutrients required for growth and health that can be produced by the body from other components of the diet. Daily Values Definition: Scientifically agreed-upon standards for daily intakes of nutrients from the diet developed for use on nutrition labels. insulin resistance Definition: A condition in which cell membranes have a reduced sensitivity to insulin so that more insulin than normal is required to transport a given amount of glucose into cells. type 2 diabetes Definition: A disease characterized by high blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally, or to produce enough insulin. This type of diabetes was called adult-onset diabetes and non-insulin-dependent diabetes in the past. Its official name is type 2 diabetes mellitus. glycemic index Definition: A measure of the extent to which blood glucose levels are raised by consumption of an amount of food that contains 50 g of carbohydrate compared to 50 g of glucose. A portion of white bread containing 50 g of carbohydrate is sometimes used for comparison instead of 50 g of glucose. amino acids Definition: The "building blocks" of protein. Unlike carbohydrates and fats, amino acids contain nitrogen. 00:00 01:39 nonessential amino acids Definition: Amino acids that can be readily produced by humans from components of the diet. Also referred to as dispensable amino acids.