LETRS Unit 1 Sessions 1-8 Test | 100% Correct Answers.

phonics the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent; also used as a descriptor for code-based instruction phonemic awareness the conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds. Five Essential Components of Reading Instruction Phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. pictographs primitive writing system that directly represented or made pictures of the intended meaning (hieroglyphics) logographs writing system where symbols were used to represent meanings rather than sound (Chinese radicals and Mayan gylphs) syllabic symbols writing system that directly represented whole syllables (cherokee) alphabetic writing a system in which graphic signs represent individual consonants and vowels, or phenomes syllable a unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel morphemes The smallest units of meaning in a language; meaningful parts of words; it may be a word or part of a word; it may be a single sound (plural /s/); one syllable (suffix -ful) or multiple syllables (prefix inter-) orthography A writing system for representing language. shallow orthography the sound-symbol correspondences in the alphabetic writing system are regular and predicable, with one sound represented by one symbol or letter (Spanish) deep orthography the sound-symbol correspondences in the alphabetic writing system represent both morphemes (meaningful parts) and speech sound (English) morphophonemic a deep alphabetic writing system organized by both "sound-symbol" correspondences and morphology (English orthography falls under this category) Consider examples that share a consistently spelled root or meaningful part (morpheme) but have different pronunciations of the root: compress, compression (s, or sh) rite or ritual (t or ch) cognate a word in one language that shares a common ancestor and meanings with a word from another language; promblema or diagrama metalinguistic awareness the ability to think about and reflect on the structure of language itself The invention of the alphabet was an achievement in metalinguistic awareness. Simple View of Reading (SVR) word recognition x language comprehension = reading comprehension word recognition the accurate and fast retrieval of decoded word forms; essential for the development of reading (SVR) language comprehension listening comprehension or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language (SVR) decoding The ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually by employing knowledge of sound symbol correspondences; also the act of deciphering a new word by sounding it out. LETRS Unit 1, Session 2