CPR 2022/2023, BLS/CPR, Lifeguard training and CPR review, Health: CPR ; Test Bank.

When a cardiac arrest occurs and an AED becomes available, it should be used as soon as possible True A woman burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should: Cool the burn with large amounts of fresh running water. Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing. Remove her from the source of the burn. You are giving first aid to a person with a muscle, bone, or joint injury. Emergency medical services (EMS) has been called. What should you do until they arrive. Apply cold if the person can tolerate it and watch for signs and symptoms of shock When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should: Remove nearby objects that might cause injury. What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain? Stroke A person is having a diabetic emergency and requests sugar. The person is responsive and able to safely swallow. How much sugar should you give? 15 to 20 grams A person has signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. What should you do? Get the person out of the heat and into a cool place. A person is having signs and symptoms of a heart attack. What should you do first? Call 911 or the designated emergency number In what circumstance would it be appropriate to use a tourniquet? There are multiple people with life-threatening injuries who need care. When using direct pressure to control non-life-threatening bleeding from an open wound, you should: Add additional dressings and continue to apply direct pressure until the bleeding stops and then bandage the wound. You believe that a person has a head, neck, or spinal injury. What should you do? Have the person remain in the position he or she is in until emergency medical services (EMS) personnel arrive and take over Which of the could be signs or symptoms of stroke? Drooping features on one side of the face. Trouble with speech or language. An arm that drifts downward when both arms are lifted in front of the body A person is having an asthma attack. What should you do? Encourage the person to use his or her quick-relief medication, and call 9-1-1 or designated emergency number if the person's condition does not improve within 5 to 15 minutes of taking the medication Which of the following could cause shock? A burn. A wound that is bleeding heavily. Anaphylaxis. If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should: Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life When preparing an AED for use, what is the first thing you should do? Turn on the AED The AED pads should normally be placed on: The upper right and lower left side of the chest Why is it important to stand clear and not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defibrillating? You or someone else could be injured by the shock & You might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly If the AED pads risk touching each other (such as with a small child or an infant), you should: Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back If alone, once you have turned on the AED, you should: Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm When giving a rescue breath during adult CPR, each breath should last about: 1 second What is the purpose of the Good Samaritan Laws? Gives legal protection to people who willingly provide medical care to ill or injured people with out accepting anything in return. A person is responsive and showing signs and symptoms of a life-threatening condition but does not consent to care. What should you do? Do not give care but instead call 911 or the designated emergency number. The steps to follow in an emergency are: Check—Call—Care In which situation should you call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number? The person is having persistent chest pain, The person is having trouble breathing, The person is unresponsive What could signal an emergency? Unusual behavior, An unusual odor, an unusual sound When wearing latex-free disposable gloves, it is important to remember... When providing care, when there is a break in the skin on your own hands, when you must handle items or surfaces soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials. You are conducting a head-to-toe check on a responsive person who is complaining of a leg injury. What should you do first? Get consent to give care before beginning the head-to-toe exam. About how many seconds should you check for breathing? At least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds You see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check for her responsiveness, but she does not respond and she is not breathing. What should you do next? Have someone else call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency numbered get an AED and a first aid kit while you begin CPR When conducting a SAMPLE interview, ask the person about all of the following What the person's age is Which could be a sign or symptom of a heart attack. If a person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3 or 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back The cycle of chest compressions and rescue breaths in CPR is: 30 compression, 2 breaths You should continue CPR until: Too exhausted to continue; the scene becomes unsafe; obvious signs of life; ems arrive It is important to follow the links of Cardiac Chain of Survival because: It helps improve the chance of survival You are giving adult CPR and the first rescue breath does not cause the chest to rise. What should you do? Begin the next set of compressions immediately. Effective chest compressions are: Allow the chest to return to its normal position. Are smooth, regular and given straight up and down. Are delivered fast, about 100 to 120 compressions per minute. When you give care to an adult who is responsive and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the naval A child is choking on a piece of hard candy. She is responsive and coughing forcefully. What should you do? Stay with her and encourage her to continue coughing You are giving CPR to a child and the chest does not rise after the second rescue breath. What should you do? Begin the next set of compressions immediately A child collapses suddenly, is not responsive and is not breathing. You are alone with the child. What should you do? Give about 2 minutes of CPR, and then c CPR 2022/2023, BLS/CPR, Lifeguard training and CPR review, Health: CPR ; Test Bank. CPR 2022/2023 When a cardiac arrest occurs and an AED becomes available, it should be used as soon as possible True A woman burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should: Cool the burn with large amounts of fresh running water. Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing. Remove her from the source of the burn. You are giving first aid to a person with a muscle, bone, or joint injury. Emergency medical services (EMS) has been called. What should you do until they arrive. Apply cold if the person can tolerate it and watch for signs and symptoms of shock When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should: Remove nearby objects that might cause injury. What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain? Stroke A person is having a diabetic emergency and requests sugar. The person is responsive and able to safely swallow. How much sugar should you give? 15 to 20 grams A person has signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion. What should you do? Get the person out of the heat and into a cool place. A person is having signs and symptoms of a heart attack. What should you do first? Call 911 or the designated emergency number In what circumstance would it be appropriate to use a tourniquet? There are multiple people with life-threatening injuries who need care. When using direct pressure to control non-life-threatening bleeding from an open wound, you should: Add additional dressings and continue to apply direct pressure until the bleeding stops and then bandage the wound. You believe that a person has a head, neck, or spinal injury. What should you do? Have the person remain in the position he or she is in until emergency medical services (EMS) personnel arrive and take over Which of the could be signs or symptoms of stroke? Drooping features on one side of the face. Trouble with speech or language. An arm that drifts downward when both arms are lifted in front of the body A person is having an asthma attack. What should you do? Encourage the person to use his or her quick-relief medication, and call 9-1-1 or designated emergency number if the person's condition does not improve within 5 to 15 minutes of taking the medication Which of the following could cause shock? A burn. A wound that is bleeding heavily. Anaphylaxis. If, during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should: Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life When preparing an AED for use, what is the first thing you should do? Turn on the AED The AED pads should normally be placed on: The upper right and lower left side of the chest Why is it important to stand clear and not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defibrillating? You or someone else could be injured by the shock & You might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly If the AED pads risk touching each other (such as with a small child or an infant), you should: Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back If alone, once you have turned on the AED, you should: Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm When giving a rescue breath during adult CPR, each breath should last about: 1 second What is the purpose of the Good Samaritan Laws? Gives legal protection to people who willingly provide medical care to ill or injured people with out accepting anything in return. A person is responsive and showing signs and symptoms of a life-threatening condition but does not consent to care. What should you do? Do not give care but instead call 911 or the designated emergency number. The steps to follow in an emergency are: Check—Call—Care In which situation should you call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number? The person is having persistent chest pain, The person is having trouble breathing, The person is unresponsive What could signal an emergency? Unusual behavior, An unusual odor, an unusual sound When wearing latex-free disposable gloves, it is important to remember... When providing care, when there is a break in the skin on your own hands, when you must handle items or surfaces soiled with blood or other potentially infectious materials. You are conducting a head-to-toe check on a responsive person who is complaining of a leg injury. What should you do first? Get consent to give care before beginning the head-to-toe exam. About how many seconds should you check for breathing? At least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds You see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check for her responsiveness, but she does not respond and she is not breathing. What should you do next? Have someone else call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency numbered get an AED and a first aid kit while you begin CPR When conducting a SAMPLE interview, ask the person about all of the following What the person's age is Which could be a sign or symptom of a heart attack. If a person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3 or 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back The cycle of chest compressions and rescue breaths in CPR is: 30 compression, 2 breaths You should continue CPR until: Too exhausted to continue; the scene becomes unsafe; obvious signs of life; ems arrive It is important to follow the links of Cardiac Chain of Survival because: It helps improve the chance of survival You are giving adult CPR and the first rescue breath does not cause the chest to rise. What should you do? Begin the next set of compressions immediately. Effective chest compressions are: Allow the chest to return to its normal position. Are smooth, regular and given straight up and down. Are delivered fast, about 100 to 120 compressions per minute. When you give care to an adult who is responsive and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the naval A child is choking on a piece of hard candy. She is responsive and coughing forcefully. What should you do? Stay with her and encourage her to continue coughing You are giving CPR to a child and the chest does not rise after the second rescue breath. What should you do? Begin the next set of compressions immediately A child collapses suddenly, is not responsive and is not breathing. You are alone with the child. What should you do? Give about 2 minutes of CPR, and then call 9-1-1 or the designated emergency number and get the AED When giving CPR to a child, the cycle of chest compressions and rescue breaths is: 30 chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths When you give care to a child who is responsive and choking, where should you position your fist to give abdominal thrusts? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel A child is choking and becomes unresponsive. What should you do? Lower the child to a firm, flat surface and begin CPR, starting with compressions When giving CPR to a child, how deep should you compress the chest? About 2 inches When giving an Infant CPR, how should you place your hands when giving chest compressions? One hand on the forehead and two fingers on the center of the chest What should you do for a responsive infant who is choking and cannot cough, cry or breathe? Give back blows and chest thrusts to clear the airway What is the first link in the Pediatric Cardiac Chain of Survival? Prevention When giving CPR to an infant, the cycle of compressions and breaths is: 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths You are in a restaurant when you notice that your infant has suddenly become very still and her skin is turning an odd bluish color. What should you do first? Check the infant for responsiveness. How should you position an infant to give back blows? Face-down, with the infant's head lower than his or her chest When giving CPR to an infant, open the airway by tilting the head to the: neutral position When giving CPR to an infant, how deep should you compress the chest? about 1 1/2 inches BLS/CPR High quality CPR includes Start compressions within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest Push hard, push fast: Compression at rate of at least 100/min with and least 2 inch(5cm) depth for adults, approx. 2 inches(5cm) for children, and 1.5 inches(4cm) for infants Allow complete chest recoil after each compression Minimize interruptions in compressions(limit to <10sec) Give effective breaths that make chest rise Avoid excessive ventilation 5 link chain of survival adult Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of ERS Early CPR with emphasis on chest compressions Rapid defibrillation Effective ALS Integrated post cardiac arrest care 5 link chain of survival pediatric Prevention of arrest Early high quality bystander CPR Rapid Activation of EMS Effective ALS Integrated post cardiac arrest care Change in sequence in 2010 Changed from A-B-C to C-A-B Compressions, Airway, Breathing Emphasis on High Quality CPR Compression rate of at least 100/min, depth of at least 2 inches in adults. At least ⅓ of anterior-posterior diameter of chest in infants and children, approx. 1.5 inches in infants and 2 inches in children No look, listen, feel With new chest compression first sequence, rescuer activates ERS and starts CPR if adult victim is unresponsive and not breathing/not breathing normally, and has no pulse. For child or infant CPR is preformed if the victim is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping and has no pulse. Additional Changes Use of cricoid pressure is not recommended. It is difficult to determine pulse presence in 10 secs. if you don't feel pulse within 10 secs, begin chest compressions. Manual defibrillator is preferred, if not available use AED with pediatric dose attenuator, if not available use regular AED 4 Main parts of BLS Chest Compressions Airway Breathing Defibrillation Advantage of 2 rescuers able to work simultaneously Initial BLS steps for Adult Assess victim for response and look for breathing Activate the ERS and get AED Check pulse for 5-10 secs If do not feel pulse within 10 secs perform 5 cycles of compressions and breaths Agonal Gaps are not normal breathing, may be present in first minutes after sudden cardiac arrest. Assessment and Scene Safety Make sure scene is safe for you and victim Tap shoulder and shout "Are you all right?" Check to see if victim is breathing/ breathing normally Activate ERS Pulse Check where you can feel carotid pulse Chest compression technique Chest compressions are foundation or CPR. Put heel of one hand on center of chest on lower half of breastbone. Compressions pump blood in the heart to the rest of body Moving victim Do not move victim while CPR is in progress unless they are in a dangerous environment, or if you believe you cannot perform CPR effectively in present position/location 2 methods for opening airway head tilt-chin lift and jaw thrust. Use jaw thrust only when you suspect a head/neck injury, as it may reduce neck/spine movement. Switch to head tilt-chin lift if jaw thrust doesn't open airway. Things to avoid with Head Tilt-Chin Lift Don't press deeply into soft tissue under chin(blocks airway), Don't use thumb to lift chin Don't close the victims mouth completely Defibrillation When V Fib is present the heart muscle fibers quiver and don't contract together to pump blood, a defibrillator delivers electric shock to stop quivering, allows heart to reset. AED steps Power on AED Attach AED Pads Clear victim and Analyze the Rhythm If AED advises shock, it will tell you to be clear If no shock needed or after shock delivered immediately resume CPR After 5 cycles/2mins repeat steps 3 and 4 Never push analyze while moving patient, stop vehicle then reanalyze AED Special situations Hairy chest Immersed in water or water covering chest implanted defibrillator or pacemaker transdermal medication patch on pad site REMOVE IT Do not use AED in water, wipe chest if covered in water Avoid placing pad over implanted device if implanted defibrillator is giving shocks allow 30-60 seconds before delivering shock from AED 2 Rescuer BLS sequence with AED Check for response and check breathing Check for pulse Attempt defibrillation Power AED, Atach Pads, Analyze, Shock Resume CPR Child BLS may use 1 or 2 handed technique 15:2 ratio with 2 rescuers for 1 y/0 to puberty(chest hair or boobs) When to Activate ERS with child if you did not witness and alone provide 2 minutes of CPR before activating ERS, If arrest is sudden and witnessed activate ERS then return Infant BLS Up to 1 y/0 Pulse check use brachial artery 2 fingers for single rescuer 2 thumb encircling technique for 2 rescuer(may overlap) Sniffing position mouth to mouth and nose Advanced Airway 1 breath every 6-8 secs, 8-10 breaths a min/compress without pauses for breaths Exhaled air contains 17% oxygen and 4% carbon dioxide Gastric Inflation frequently develops in mouth to mouth, to mask or BVM ventilation, results in vomiting, aspiration, or pneumonia Rescue Breathing when patient has a pulse but not breathing effectively Adults: 1 breath every 5-6 secs(10-12/min) Infant/Child: 1 breath every 3-5 secs(12-20/min) Mild Airway Obstruction Signs: good air exchange, can cough forcefully, may wheeze between coughs. Actions: encourage, dont interfere, monitor condition, if persists activate ERS Severe Airway Obstruction Signs: poor/no air exchange, weak/inffective cough, high pitched/no noise while inhaling, increased respiration difficulty, cyanosis, unable to speak, universal choking sign. Actions: relieve obstruction Abdominal thrusts Adult stand behind patient, wrap arms around waist, fist with one hand, thumb side of fist is midline slightly above navel and well below breastbone, grab fist with other hand and do quick forceful upward thrust, repeat until expelled or unresponsive, give each thrust a separate distinct movement to relive obstruction. If pregnant or obese do chest thrust Choking infant kneel or sit with patient in lap, remove clothing from chest, hold facedown, support head with your hand, deliver up to 5 back slaps between shoulder blades with heel of hand, turn over and give 5 downward chest thrusts in middle of chest 1 per second, repeat until dislodged or unresponsive Lifeguard training and CPR review How can you best protect yourself from possible blood-borne pathogen transmission when providing care? Use personal protective equipment (PPE), such as disposable gloves and a breathing barrier, when providing care A 12-year-old boy at a swim meet grabs his chest and begins to make wheezing noises. After you obtain consent to provide care, his mother informs you that he has a history of asthma, but does not have his inhaler nearby. What care should you provide? Summon more advanced medical personnel and place the victim into a position that helps breathing While having a snack in the concession area, a child suddenly clutches his throat with both hands. You ask him if he is choking and he frantically nods yes. You activate your facility's emergency action plan (EAP). You identify yourself as a lifeguard and obtain consent from the parents. What should you do next? Stand or kneel behind the victim and give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts You and another lifeguard find an unconscious adult on the floor in the locker room. You activate your facility's EAP, size-up the scene and perform a primary assessment. You find the victim is not moving or breathing, but has a pulse. You should summon EMS personnel, then: Give 1 rescue breath about every 5 seconds You come upon a scene where a patron appears to be injured. Before approaching the victim, which of the following will you not do as you size-up the scene? Begin the primary assessment When providing care during an emergency, which of the following should you do first? Size-up the scene As the first lifeguard on the scene, you are performing CPR on an adult. When performing chest compressions, how deeply should you compress the chest? At least 2 inches CPR should be performed on which of the following victims? One who is in cardiac arrest What is the first step of the Cardiac Chain of Survival? Early recognition and access to the emergency medical services (EMS) system You are providing care to a victim having a heart attack. Which of the following would you do first? Summon EMS personnel Once you have turned on the automated external defibrillator (AED), you should: Apply the pads and allow the AED to analyze the heart rhythm To ensure effective chest compressions during CPR, which of the following is most appropriate? Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions You are performing CPR on a victim and a second lifeguard arrives. Which of the following is most appropriate for the second lifeguard to do first? Check to see whether EMS personnel have been called Which of the following is most essential to use when giving ventilations to protect you and the victim from disease transmission? CPR breathing barriers You are providing care to a facility maintenance worker who has fallen off the top of a ladder. The victim is conscious. Which of the following should you do first? Obtain consent from the victim to provide care For which of the following should you summon EMS personnel? A victim with an open leg wound with the bone protruding You pull an unconscious adult from the water who is taking infrequent gasps. During the primary assessment you find that the victim has a pulse. Which of the following should you do next? Give 2 initial ventilations If there is a risk of the AED pads touching each other, such as with a small child or an infant, you should: Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back You have sized up the scene and determined the scene is safe. When performing a primary assessment, which of the following would you do next? Check for responsiveness Which of the following statements about bag-valve-mask resuscitators (BVMs) is most accurate? Two rescuers need to operate the BVM You are preparing to give ventilations to a 5-year-old boy using a resuscitation mask. You should give 1 ventilation about every: 3 seconds When compressing a child's chest during CPR, you should compress at a rate of at least how many compressions per minute? 100 An AED has advised that a shock should be given. Which of the following is appropriate? Tell everyone to stand clear of the victim You are about to apply AED pads to a victim's chest when you notice that the victim has several body piercings with jewelry on his chest. Which of the following should you do? Apply the pads to the chest, making sure to avoid the jewelry The cycle of chest compressions and ventilations in two-rescuer CPR for an infant is: 15 chest compressions and 2 ventilations You are positioned above the child's head and are using a resuscitation mask to give ventilations. After you position the mask, which of the following should you do next? Seal the mask You are providing care to a patron who started choking on some food. The victim becomes unconscious. Which of the following should you do first? Lower the victim carefully to the ground and open his airway Where should you place your hands when giving chest compressions to an infant during CPR? One hand on the forehead and two or three fingers on the center of the chest When giving abdominal thrusts to an adult, where should you position your fist? In the middle of the abdomen, just above the navel When providing care to a conscious infant who is choking, which of the following is most appropriate? Positioning the infant so the head is lower than the chest A person has been injured and is conscious. You should: Obtain consent, check the victim for life-threatening conditions and speak with the victim to find out what happened The purpose of the secondary assessment is to: Identify and care for conditions that are not life threatening An injured patron is conscious and bleeding severely. After summoning EMS personnel, obtaining consent and putting on disposable gloves, what is your next care step? Press firmly against the wound with a sterile dressing and bandage A way to remember the questions to ask when taking a brief history is to use the acronym SAMPLE. What does the A in SAMPLE stand for? Allergies What is the first step you should take in caring for a victim with burns? Remove the victim from the source of the burn If a victim is having a seizure in the water: Support the victim with his or her head above water until the seizure ends During a swim meet, the bleachers behind your guard station suddenly collapse. As you check the scene, you notice several people who appear injured. Who should you approach first? A man who appears unconscious When caring for musculoskeletal injuries, what does RICE stand for? Rest, immobilize, cold, elevate Signs and symptoms of sudden illness do not include: Bruising or rigidness of the abdomen When checking a victim during a secondary assessment you notice changes in her LOC. What does the C stand for in LOC? Consciousness You notice a patron that is swimming laps who suddenly slips under water without a struggle and does not resurface. This person is probably: A passive victim who needs help Primary responsibilities of a lifeguard include: Inspecting the pool and rescue equipment before the facility opens and paying close attention to patrons in the water by actively scanning the assigned area A man is unexpectedly pushed from behind and falls from the deck into the water and is in distress. After you activate the emergency action plan (EAP), what are included in your next steps? Extend a rescue tube to him while remaining on deck, then provide any additional care Which of the following is a primary responsibility of a lifeguard? Enforcing facility rules and regulations and educating patrons about them For a head, neck or spinal injury in deep water: Minimize movement of the victim's head and neck using the head splint technique While scanning your zone, you notice a person motionless in the water. The steps you follow in a water emergency are performed in the following order: Activate the EAP, enter the water, perform an appropriate rescue, move the victim to a safe exit point, remove the victim from the water and provide emergency care as needed. Activate the EAP, enter the water, perform an appropriate rescue, move the victim to a safe exit point, remove the victim from the water and provide emergency care as needed While scanning the pool, you witness a patron struggling while swimming and then go under water. Which of the following applies? You have duty to act and perform the appropriate rescue A lifeguard can no longer see some of the patrons at one side of the swimming area from his station because of glare from the afternoon sun. To maintain effective patron surveillance, the lifeguard should: Adjust his position slightly to remove the glare spot from his surveillance area A patron starts running on the deck. You blow your whistle to get her attention. Next, you enforce the rules and regulations by: Telling her she could slip or fall and she must walk on the deck When caring for a suspected head, neck or spinal injury in water, proper manual in-line stabilization is: Provided using the head splint technique Working with other lifeguards, facility staff and supervisors as a team is: One of the primary responsibilities of a lifeguard You are a lifeguard on surveillance duty during a busy family swim session. It is important to: Scan all areas in your assigned zone of coverage and carry your rescue tube with you at all times A head, neck or spinal injury rarely happens: In deep water at a supervised facility Which of the following is true about accidental fecal releases (AFRs)? Require water treatment, temporary pool closure and immediate lifeguard attention You are lifeguarding during a family swim session when you notice a swimmer swimming full lengths of the pool under water. What should you do? Immediately stop him from continuing the activity and explain the dangers of the activity After removing a conscious victim you suspect has a spinal injury from the water, you should do all the following except: Dry the victim off and apply the pads of an AED Two lifeguards are on surveillance duty during a public swim. You are on a break. One lifeguard activates the facility's EAP for a submerged passive victim and enters the water. Which steps should you take next to assist in the rescue? Bring the backboard to the lifeguard and assist in removing the victim from the water as the other lifeguard clears the pool A lifeguard keeps an eye on the patrons of the pool, checking the bottom, middle and surface of the water. He is demonstrating: Effective scanning A mother and her son walk over to you; she states that he fell on the pool deck and hit his head. You notice he has blood and fluid running from his ear and he is feeling dizzy. What steps should you take next? Provide manual stabilization while the other lifeguards prepare to backboard him The lifeguard supervisor expects the pool to be very busy in the afternoon. For effective patron surveillance, she sets up multiple lifeguard stations to reduce the number of patrons watched by each lifeguard. This type of coverage is called: Zone coverage To effectively scan, you must: Move your head and eyes as you scan to look directly at each area rather than staring in a fixed direction When providing care to a conscious person you suspect of having a head, neck or spinal injury and who was injured from a fall on the pool deck: You do not move the victim unless the scene becomes unsafe A woman collides with another swimmer while diving into the pool and asks the lifeguard for help. Without doing an assessment, the lifeguard tells the woman she can continue swimming. The woman leaves the facility and seeks medical attention from a hospital after she begins to feel tingling sensations in her arms and legs. The lifeguard may be: Negligent During a weather-related power failure at a facility, you should: Clear everyone from the pool During in-service training, lifeguards practice the steps of recognizing a distressed swimmer, rescuing an active victim, informing management and speaking with witnesses. The lifeguards are practicing parts of a(n): Emergency action plan You enter the mechanical room and find a maintenance worker lying on his back on the floor next to a ladder. You check the scene and determine it is safe to enter. During your primary assessment, you find the victim is unconscious but breathing. You must leave to get help, what should you do? Move him into the H.A.IN.E.S. position Which of the following is true if the manager of the facility has assigned you as the only lifeguard conducting patron surveillance? You have been assigned to total coverage Which of the following pieces of equipment need to be easily accessible for emergency use: Backboard, AED A technique to minimize movement for a victim with a suspected head, neck or spinal injury who is face-down, at the surface and in water less than 3 feet deep is the: Head splint technique If three lifeguards are on duty, emergency back-up coverage takes place: When a lifeguard enters the water for a rescue Which of the following is the least important for a safe group visit to a pool? Ensuring there are multiple activities planned for the group While caring for someone with a suspected spinal injury, you secure the straps on a backboard in the following order: Upper chest, hips, thighs It is the primary responsibility of facility management to provide all but which of the following? Educating patrons about and enforcing facility rules The hazard communication standard includes having MSDS information available. What is included in this information? Contains information about what type of chemicals are in use at the facility A patron dives into the shallow end of the lap pool. You suspect she has a head, neck or spinal injury because she has: Blood in the ears and nose Health: CPR About how many seconds should you check for breathing? No more than 10 seconds When giving a rescue breath, you should: Readjust and blow again if the chest does not rise. Blow in for about 1 second and make the chest clearly rise. A cycle of chest compressions and rescue breath in CPR is: 30 Chest compressions for every 2 rescue breaths What care should you give to a conscious adult or child who is choking and cannot cough, speak or breathe: Give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts One signal of a breathing emergency in an infant is: Making a Wheezing or high-pitched sound. How should you care for a conscious infant who is choking and cannot cough, cry or breath? Give 5 back blows and 5 chest thrusts to clear the airway. To give chest compressions, your hands (or fingers of one hand for an infant) should be placed: In the middle of the chest along the breastbone. If a person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3 or 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back, this person is most likely having: A heart attack Effective chest compressions: Allow the chest to return to its normal position. Are smooth, regular and given straight up and down. Are delivered fast, about 100 compressions per minute. Care for a person who is unconscious and has a blocked airway includes: Giving chest compressions. Looking for an object between compressions and breaths. You should continue CPR until: The scene becomes unsafe The person shows an obvious sign of life Another trained responder or EMS personnel take over You are too exhausted to continue Which of the following is a link in the Cardiac Chain of Survival? Early defibrillation, Early CPR, Early recognition and early access to the EMS, Early access to advanced medical care It is important to follow the links of the Cardiac Chain of Survival because: It helps improve the chance of survival About how many cycles of CPR should you perform in 2 minutes? 5 When giving a rescue breath during CPR, each breath should last about: 1 second When cardiac arrest occurs and as AED becomes available, it should be used soon as possible. True Early CPR and early defibrillation can: Save the lives of more people in cardiac arrest. If during the second analysis, the AED prompts "no shock advised," you should: Resume CPR until the AED reanalyzes or you find an obvious sign of life. What should you do before the AED analyzes the heart rhythm? Ensure that no one, including you, is touching the person. When preparing an AED for use, what is the first thing you should do? Turn on the AED The AED pads should normally be placed on: The upper right and lower left sides of the chest. Why is it important to stand clear and not touch the person while the AED is analyzing or defibrillating? You or someone else could be injured by the shock., You might prevent the AED from analyzing the heart rhythm properly If the AED pads risk touching each other such as with a small child or an infant you should. Place one pad in the middle of the chest and the other on the back between the shoulder blades. Assuming that someone has brought an AED to you, put in order the steps you should you take once the AED has arrived? 1. Turn on AED 2. Wipe bare chest dry 3. Attach pads to chest 4. Plug in connector, if necessary 5. Stand clear 6. Analyze heart rhythm 7. Deliver shock if needed or continue CPR Which of the following statements about defibrillation is true? It is an electrical shock that may help the heart to resume an effective rhythm to a person in sudden cardiac arrest. You see a woman collapse in front of you while entering the lobby of your office building. You check the scene and then check the person for consciousness, but she does not respond. What should you do next? Call or have someone call 9-1-1 or the local emergency number What is the purpose of Good Samaritan law? To help protect people who voluntarily give care without accepting anything in return What should you do if the person does not give consent? Do not give care but instead call 9-1-1 or local emergency number. The steps to follow in an emergency are: Check-Call-Care For which injury or illness should you call 9-1-1. The person has a cough and runny nose. The person has trouble breathing. The person has an earache. The person has a stomachache that goes away. The person has trouble breathing. All of the following are indications that an emergency has occurred EXCEPT: Breaking glass or screeching tires. Strong odors. Screaming or moaning. Children playing and laughing. Children playing and laughing. What should you do when checking a conscious person? Ask questions Do not touch or move painful, injured areas on the body. Get consent to give care. About how many second should you check for breathing? No more than 10 seconds You determine that a person may be in shock. Do each of the following EXCEPT. Give the person water. Monitor the person's condition. Have the person lie down. Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated Give the person water By following standard precautions to protect yourself and the injured or ill person, you can: Minimize the risk of disease transmission.