CALT study guide: acronyms and Researchers Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

CALT study guide: acronyms and Researchers Questions and Answers Chall's Reading Stages - Correct AnswersPre-reading ( Stage 0) Learning to Read (Decoding-1 & Fluency - 2) Reading to learn (Multiple view points - 4 & Construction 5 & Reconstruction 6) Chall's Reading Stage 0 - Correct AnswersPre-reading: Read common signs and labels; write own names; learns letters and some sounds Chall's Reading Stage 1 - Correct AnswersDecoding: letter sound correspondences; knows about 1,000 most common words in language; can read simple texts Chall's Reading Stage 2 - Correct AnswersFluency: use context clues and decoding to read Chall's Reading Stage 3 - Correct AnswersLearning the New: uses reading as a tool to learn new information Chall's Reading Stage 4 - Correct AnswersMultiple Viewpoints: read from a variety of viewpoints Chall's Reading Stage 5 - Correct AnswersConstruction & Reconstruction: They analyze what they read ADHD - Correct AnswersAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder: issues with executive function Executive function - Correct AnswersCore components are goal setting, planning, organization of behaviors over time, flexibility, attention and memory systems, and self-regulation ALTA - Correct AnswersAcademic Language Therapy Association 1986—The Academic Language Therapy Association (ALTA) was formed to certify individuals who were trained to deliver phonetic, multisensory remediation to students with dyslexia and/or written-language disorders. ESL - Correct AnswersEnglish as a second language IDEA - Correct AnswersIndividuals with Disabilities education act: legislation that states all persons with a disability have a right to free and public education. (Least restrictive environment) IEP - Correct AnswersIndividualized education plan IMSLEC - Correct AnswersInternational Multi-sensory structured literacy education council: was formed to accredit MSL training programs. MSL - Correct AnswersMulti-sensory structured language MSLE - Correct AnswersMulti-sensory structured language education NICHD - Correct AnswersNational Institute of Child Health and Human Development VAKT - Correct AnswersVisual Auditory Kinesthetic Tactile WRAT - Correct AnswersWide Range Achievement Test M. Balmuth - Correct AnswersWrote "Roots of phonics: A historical introduction." (1992) Judith Birsh - Correct AnswersWrote "Multi-sensory teaching of basic language skills" (2005) Dr. Samuel Orton - Correct Answerscoined the phrase " strephosymbolia" or twisted symbols Strephosymbolia - Correct Answerstwisted symbols Adolf Kussmaul - Correct Answersused the phrase "word blindness" (1877) Rudolf Berlin - Correct Answersused the term dyslexia to describe the loss of reading abilities in stroke victims. (1887) included dyslexia in aphasia disorders. Dejerine - Correct Answersidentified reading difficulties caused by damage to the angular gyrus ( 1892) Dr. James Hinshelwood - Correct Answersan ophthalmologist, reported the sudden onset of word blindness in a 58 year-old man. He advocated an alphabetic method of instruction for students with "word blindness Dr. W. Pringle Morgan - Correct Answersfirst to describe a 14 year old boy, Percy F., who was intelligent, had good eyesight, but could not read. He was the first to describe this as a developmental, rather than acquired, disorder. Mildred McGinnis - Correct Answersused multisensory intervention for children and adults with oral language disorders. Brocca - Correct Answersidentified the language area in the left hemisphere of the brain in 1861. Bradley & Bryant - Correct Answersdiscovered importance of phonological awareness; two components of reading: decoding & comprehension Weakness in ____ interferes with decoding - Correct AnswersPhonological awareness Norman Geschwind - Correct Answerstheorized dyslexia resulted from damage to the brain in fetal development (1950's) Isabelle Liberman - Correct AnswersDeveloped Phonological Awareness Hierarchy 1. words in sentences 2. syllables in words Author of "Phonology & the problems of learning to read and write" -- clarified the role of the alphabetic principle and its relationship to phonemic and phonological awareness in reading. Bonita Blachman - Correct Answersprofessor at Syracuse University - has done a great deal of research on phonology / reading. Reid Lyon - Correct Answerslatest researcher on coding Chief, Learning Disabilities Unit, National Institutes of health Sally Shaywitz - Correct AnswersConnecticut Longitudinal study prevalence of dyslexia: is it developmental delay or ongoing disorder. (1983) 2002 - fMRI images of good readers more activity in left hemisphere Joseph Torgesen - Correct AnswersPrincipal investigator; reading researcher for NICHD Jeanne Chall - Correct AnswersWrote "Learning to Read" (1996) theorized 5 Stages of reading wrote many books on reading development and instructional methods Aylette Cox & Luke Wiatts - Correct Answerswrote Alphabetic Phonics: a dyslexia program at Texas Scottish Rite Hospital using OG based methodology (1965) Louisa C. Moats - Correct Answersmodern researcher with focus on spelling. Wrote "Spelling: development disability, and instruction" & "teaching Reading is Rocket Science" Grace Fernald - Correct Answers1920's developed VAKT Margaret Rawson - Correct Answerscontributor to dyslexia research. wrote "The Many Faces of dyslexia" Franz Joseph Gall - Correct Answersused Phrenolgy ( the measurement of the skill) to predict behaviors. historical advancement toward neuropsycology Bessie Stilman - Correct Answersused kinesthetic activities to establish right to left & visual auditory association with graphemes / phonemes wrote the first Orton-Gillingham manual, "Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling,and Penmanship." (with Anna Gillingham) Anna Gillingham - Correct Answersworked with Orton wrote the first Orton-Gillingham manual, "Remedial Training for Children with Specific Disability in Reading, Spelling,and Penmanship." (with Bessie Stilman) McGinnis - Correct Answersdescribed principles of multisensory instruction termed the Association Method. Drake - Correct Answersperformed microscopic examinations of brains of individuals with dyslexia and identified differences in the cortical gyri and corpus callosum. Rawson - Correct Answersidentified right hemisphere brain differences resulting in creative talents and abilities of individuals with dyslexia. (1978) Gordon - Correct Answersdetermined that individuals with dyslexia (and their families) performed above average on right hemisphere tasks but below average on left hemisphere tasks. Sherman - Correct Answers- found that right brain lesions produce visual-spatial and musical difficulties. - found that reading difficulties are the result of abnormally organized language regions with alterations in size, shape, and organization of neurons. (with Bever) Eden - Correct Answersusing functional imaging techniques, found that brain activation patterns of individuals with dyslexia show under activation in language areas and over activation in other areas in order to compensate. Booth and Burman - Correct Answersfound that people with dyslexia have less gray matter in the parietotemporal area which leads to problems with phonological awareness. Deutsch, Dougherty, Bammer, Siok, Gabriele and Wandall - Correct Answersfound that many people with dyslexia have less white matter in the parietotemporal area. This entity hosts the national certification examination. - Correct AnswersIMSLEC and ALTA collaborated to form the The Alliance for Accreditation and Certification of Multisensory Structured Language Education, Inc. Nathan - Correct Answersfound that children with an alteration on gene DCDC2 on chromosome 6 have an increased risk for dyslexia. Vellutin - Correct Answersdyslexia difficulty from poor letter sound relationship not visual - spatial (1987)