CALT Exam Study Guide 2 Questions and Answers 2023,100% CORRECT

CALT Exam Study Guide 2 Questions and Answers 2023 closed syllable - Correct AnswersA syllable with only one vowel, closed at the end by a consonant. (A vowel in a closed syllable is short, code it with a breve). open syllable - Correct AnswersA syllable with only one vowel and it is open at the end. (A vowel in an open accented syllable is long, code it with a macron). vowel team - Correct AnswersA syllable with a vowel digraph. (Underline the digraphs, arc diphthongs). Vowel consonant e - Correct AnswersA syllable with a vowel, followed by a consonant with a final e. (Vowel consonant e, the vowel will be long, code it with a macron, the e will be silent, cross it out). Final Stable Syllable - Correct AnswersA syllable type that comes in the final position of a word. It has a hint of a vowel sound, and the syllable before it is accented. (Bracket the Final Stable Syllable, accent the syllable before it). R Controlled Syllable - Correct AnswersA syllable that has a vowel followed by r in which an unexpected combination is read. (Arc the vowel r combination). digraph - Correct Answerstwo adjacent letters in a word that make one sound combination - Correct AnswersTwo letters that come together in an unexpected way. (example: qu, wh, or, ar, ir, ur, er) diphthong - Correct AnswersTwo adjacent vowels in the same syllable that glide together. (Code it with an arc) (example: ow, ou, oi, oy) trigraph - Correct AnswersThree adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (examples: tch, dge, igh) quadrugraph - Correct AnswersFour adjacent letters in a syllable that represent one sound. (example: eigh) phoneme - Correct AnswersThe smallest unit of sound morpheme - Correct AnswersThe smallest unit of meaning. The smallest forms or units of language (base word, root, prefix, suffix, or combining form) that carry meaning. Alphabetic Principle - Correct AnswersThe relationship between letters in a left to right orientation, and phonemes ordered in a specific temporal sequence in a spoken word. The English language operates on this code of approximately 44 speech sounds and 26 letters. Explicit, systematic, sequential instruction. About 75% of the school population will deduce the ____________________________ _____________________ or code. 25% need explicit instruction. 4 (because x has 2 sounds)! - Correct AnswersHow many phonemes in mix? 3 (because digraph th and digraph ow have one sound each) - Correct AnswersHow many phonemes in throw? When followed by e, i, or y - Correct AnswersWhen does g make the j sound bwF (voiced) -ed = (d) ex. milled bwF (unvoiced) -ed = (t) ex. talked bwF t,d -ed = (ed) ex. suited - Correct AnswersWhat are the sounds made by -ed? Give the formulas. science - Correct AnswersIn which field of study do we typically find words of Greek origin? number, color, farm, forest, ocean animals, outer body parts, short common words, words with gh, wh, consonant -le, short words with k, gn, kn, tw, wr, ch pronounced (ch), one syllable word with tch, dge, short words with th, floss words, words with double consonants in the middle, short words with silent letters, short words with unexpected long vowels (wild old words), words with hard g before e or i, words with ng. - Correct AnswersWhat are the clues that a common English word is of Anglo-Saxon derivation? easy to write and easy to read - Correct AnswersWhat is the ultimate goal in handwriting instruction? An unaccented vowel sound that sounds like (u) - Correct AnswersWhat does the "schwa" mark represent in most dictionaries? Sounds with only one spelling or, ar, i, a, e, oo, oo, n, r, y, h, th, th, v, wh, p, f, m, g, x, sh, wh, qu, b, d, l - Correct AnswersWhich sounds are unequivocal Sounds with more than one spelling (long a, e, i, o, u), (short u) er, au, j, ch, z, s, short o, ng, ou, ow, k, oi - Correct AnswersWhich sounds are equivocal? 1SbwF (f)(l)(s)=ff,ll,ss If you have a one syllable base word, and in final position you hear (f)(l) or (s), then you double the f, l or s. - Correct AnswersWhat is the floss rule? 2+Sbw M(long e) =e-e When you have a 2 or more syllable base word, and you hear a long e, then you spell that sound with e-e. - Correct AnswersWhen do we spell the medial (long e) as e-e? bw+ -C=+ bwF _CC+-V=+ bwF _VV+-V=+ bwF VV_+-V=+ If you have a bw plus a consonant suffix, you just add. If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if the last 2 letters are consonants then you just add. If you have a bw and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if 2 of the letters are a vowel team, then you just add. - Correct AnswersWhat are the just add rules? bwF_VC'+ -V=X If you have a base word, and you are adding a vowel suffix, you look at the last 3 letters, if you have one vowel, one consonant, and one accent, then you double the final consonant and add the vowel suffix. - Correct AnswersWhat is the doubling rule? bwF_Ce -V=_ _C-V If you have a base word, and in final position you have a consonant and a silent e, and you are adding a vowel suffix, then you drop the final e, and add the vowel suffix. - Correct AnswersWhat is the dropping rule? If you have a word with a final consonant and y, and you are adding a (consonant or a vowel) suffix, change the y to i and add the suffix. (If the suffix begins with an i, then you just add). - Correct AnswersWhat is the changing rule? e, o, u - Correct AnswersWhich vowels are half-long in open, unaccented syllables? Old Anglo Saxon words. i or o +C = long i or long o examples: wild, old - Correct AnswersWhat are wild, old words? tr - Correct AnswersWhat is the onset in tram? am - Correct AnswersWhat is the rime in tram? Orton () was a neurologist and Gillingham () was a psychologist and educator. Gillingham and Bessie Stillman wrote the Gillingham manual which was published in 1935/36. They advocated for multisensory structured language education. - Correct AnswersWho were Samuel Orton and Anna Gillingham? Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children - Correct AnswersWhere did Alphabetic Phonics originate? Linkages link the properties of the grapheme to phoneme and phoneme to grapheme through the sense modalities. - Correct AnswersWhat is the rationale for linkages? a disability which makes it difficult to write. (handwriting) - Correct AnswersWhat is dysgraphia? Adolph Kussmaul - Correct AnswersA German neurologist who introduced and described the term word blindness in 1878. Rudolph Berlin - Correct AnswersA German ophthalmologist who used the word dyslexia in 1897 to replace the term word blindness. Simultaneous, multisensory, systematic and cumulative, direct instruction, diagnostic teaching, synthetic and analytic. - Correct AnswersWhat are the principles of multisensory teaching? Samuel Orton - Correct AnswersWho coined the word "Strephosymbolia? (twisted symbols) Keith Stanovich - Correct AnswersThe concept of the "Matthew Effect" is ascribed to whom? It's unexpected. Intellect intact. Not the result of poor instruction or curriculum. Difficulties with written language,(reading, writing, spelling). The underlying cause is the sound system of our language. "Dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities. These difficulties typically result from a deficit in the phonological component of language that is often unexpected in relation to other cognitive abilities and the provision of effective classroom instruction. Secondary consequences may include problems in reading comprehension and reduced reading experience that can impede growth of vocabulary and background knowledge." - Correct AnswersWhat deficits are associated with dyslexia? 9th - Correct AnswersResearch from the NICHD demonstrated that 74% of children with reading disabilities who are not identified until 3rd grade continue to experience reading disabilities in the _______th grade. In 1066, the Normans invaded England. It was an event that was to transform the English language forever. This was the cause for the decline of Old English. Norman French was then the language of power, spoken by royalty, aristocrats and high-powered officials - some of whom couldn't speak English at all. English remained the language of the people. Then in 1350, Edward III takes control and English again becomes the official language of state. - Correct AnswersWhat happened in the year 1066? phonological awareness and rapid naming - Correct AnswersThe "Double Deficit" hypothesis described by Wolff and Bowers in 1999 proposed deficiencies in these 2 areas which predicted dysfluent reading pull apart - phonological awareness morphology orthography - Correct AnswersSpelling skill is based mainly on the integration and application of which linguistic processes? There are (3).