PCAT STUDY GUIDE: CHEMISTRY PRACTICE TEST QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS

sp3 - ANSWER-tetrahedral 109.5 4 single bonds for oxygen and nitrogen tetrahedral bent sp2 - ANSWER-trigonal planar 120 1 double 2 single for oxygen and nitrogen trigonal planar linear sp - ANSWER-linear 180 1 triple 1 single or 2 double formula for alkane - ANSWER-CnH(2n+2) a organic molecule that contains at least one multiple bond is said to be__________ - ANSWER-unsaturated boiling point - ANSWER-the molecule with the most carbons will having the highest boiling point, unless it can hydrogen bond OH NH COOH. hydrogen bonding increases boiling point. organic compounds tend to be - ANSWER-combustible neuclophile - ANSWER-electron pair donor and hence a lewis base structural isomers - ANSWER-known as constitutional isomers molecules that have a different bonding sequence stereoisomers - ANSWER-molecules that have the same bonding sequence but different spatial orientation. enantiomer-non-superimposable mirror images diastereomers-not mirror images-cis/trans a pure sample of each enantiomers (100%s and 100%r) is said to be - ANSWER-optically active each pure enantiomer rotates the plane of polarized light by a certain number of degrees a 50:50 mixture of two enantiomers will NOT rotate the plane of polarized light is said to be - ANSWER-optically inactive known as a racemic mixture in what order does SN2 reaction happen the fastest - ANSWER-123unreactive in what order does SN1 reaction happen the fastest - ANSWER-321 or methyl unreactive racemitaztion occurs when center is a chiral carbon if one gram of a substance occupies 100oml and 4 gram of the same substance occupies 400 ml, then the substance is most likely to be - ANSWER-gas which radiation has the least penetrating power? - ANSWER-alpha toluene is most soluble in - ANSWER-c6h6-like disolves like. toluene is a 6 membered ring with a methyl group if there are 3 electrons in 2p, the electrons will differ in - ANSWER-magnetic quantum number (m1, orbital) which molecule with undergo an SN2 reaction the fastest? - ANSWER-the molecule that is less sterically hindered the condition at which the solid state , the liquid state, and the gas state coexist in equilibrium is known as the - ANSWER-triple point which of the following solutions would exhibit the lowest freezing point? 0.1 M HCl 0.1 M CH3COOH 0.1 M glucose 0.1 M NH3 - ANSWER-0.1 M HCl what statement regarding a reaction that exhibits zero order kinetics is true? - ANSWER-an increase in temperature will increase the rate of the reaction. zero order usually means rate is dependant on temp. what is the general formula for a saturated fatty acid? - ANSWER-CnH2nO2 with n being an even integer between 10 and 20 what is the correct name for FeSO4 - ANSWER-iron(II)sulfate what solution has the lowest pH? - ANSWER-trick question! choose the most acidic! HNO3 lithium has 3 protons and 4 neutrons, what is the atomic number? - ANSWER-3 for the combustion of a hydrocarbon in sufficient air, the products are - ANSWER-CO2 +H2O to calculate cell potential - ANSWER-change the sign of the negative E and add them up -0.40E +0.80 answer is 1.20 V what is the formula of the basic anhydride of rubidium hyroxide, RbOH? - ANSWER-Rb2O what is formed when two amino acid molecules are linked by a reaction that spits out a water molecule? - ANSWER-a peptide what is the maximum number of electrons possessed by an element in the 3rd period? - ANSWER-18 2n^2 2(3)^2=18 a 0.1 m NaCl solution has a higher boiling point then does 0.1 m glucose solution. why? - ANSWER-NaCl is a electrolyte and hence yields more molecules in solution. what radiation would be attracted to a positively charged electrode? - ANSWER-beta (-) alpha(+) gamma(neutral) a bronsted base is a(n) - ANSWER-proton acceptor BBPA BAPD LBED LAEA gases tend to deviate from idea behavior at - ANSWER-low T and high P an ester is formed by the reaction of an alcohol an a(n) - ANSWER-acid the higher the KA value for acids - ANSWER-the stronger the acid if the probes from an electric light bulb were dipped into solutions, which one of the solutions would light the bulb? - ANSWER-sulfuric acid solution only electroytes will light the bulb which bond will be the most ionic? - ANSWER-always choose a metal bonded to a non-metal exp: K-Cl the chemical properties of an element are best predicted by the - ANSWER-number of protons EN difference for non-polar - ANSWER-less then 0.5 EN difference for polar - ANSWER-between 0.5-0.9 EN difference for ionic - ANSWER-greatest difference water can - ANSWER-react with an acid and accept a proton or donate a proton to a base an aq solution that is saturated with glucose is placed in contact with some old solid glucose; what best describes the resulting equilibrium? - ANSWER-glucose molecules would be dissolving into solution at the same rate that glucose precipitates out of solution. equilibrium is opposite processes occuring at the same rate the atomic number and the mass number for each atom is conserved - ANSWER-in ordinary chemical reactions only which atoms belong to the same element - ANSWER-if the proton number match must be the same number a lipid is formed by the reaction of a(n) - ANSWER-fatty acid and glycerol what statement is consistent with the pauli exclusion principle? - ANSWER-no two electrons in the same orbital can have the same spin orientation. an orbital is best described as - ANSWER-the volume of space centered on the nucleus that an electron is most probably found in. to prepare 1 liter of 2m glucose solution - ANSWER-mix two moles of glucose with enough water to yield 1 liter of solution silver chloride has a ksp value of 1.8x10^10. the solubility of silver chloride in water is best described as - ANSWER-insoluable a small Ksp=insoluable what solution would yield the highest boiling point? - ANSWER-choose the electrolyte that yields the most ions. exp KCl only yields 2 ions but K2SO4 yields 3 ions. what solution would turn blue litmus red? - ANSWER-only acidic solutions pH=2 for example a solubility of salt A in a solution that already has salt B dissolved in it will - ANSWER-decrease if salt B contains an ion that is common to salt A if phosphoric acid is H3PO4 then what is the formula for phosphorus acid? - ANSWER-H3PO3 -ous always one less Oxygen then -ic N2+ 3H2----- 2NH3 if the volume of the container were suddenly doubled, which would be observed? - ANSWER-moles of H2 would increase since increase in volume will shift towards side with more moles of gas diatomics - ANSWER-H2, N2, O2,F2,Cl2,Br2,I2 the rate law for a particular reaction is Rate=K[A]^2[B]. if the particular run of this reaction, the concentration of A were doubled over what it had been in the previous run, while the concentration of B were halved, what would be the effect on the rate? - ANSWER-the rate would double the mass spectrometer can be used to - ANSWER-separate isotopes the law of multiple proportions is illustrated by which pairs of compounds? - ANSWER-Na2O/NaOH same element but different ratios