ABA 2023 with 100% correct questions and answers

Unconditioned Reinforcer Not learned Ex. food and water Applied Behavioral Analysis The science devoted to the understanding and improvement of human behavior. Socially Significant Behaviors Behaviors that have immediate and long term benefits for the person engaging in them. Social Significance *To what extent will the proposed behavior change improve the person's life experience? *The presumption that we are always targeting behavior for the better of the ind. is not ethically acceptable. -Target behaviors should not be chosen for the benefit of others *Accountability is necessary BF Skinner -Operant Conditioning: Reinforcement and Punishment Ivan Pavlov -Respondent or classical conditioning the process of pairing stimuli so than an unconditioned stimulus elicits a response (reflexive behavior) Independent Variable Refers to the intervention being used to change behavior Dependent Variable The behavior targeted to change 7 Dimensions of ABA (1) Applied (2) Behavioral (3) Analytic (4) Technological (5) Conceptually Systematic (6) Effective (7) Generality JB Watson -father of behaviorism -focused on observable behaviors Baseline What the child's behavior starts or looks like before therapy Intervention Study/Therapy Respondent Behavior -that happens in response to some stimuli, and is essential to an organism's survival. This behavior is characterized by involuntary action -elicited by antecedent stimuli, also known as phylogenic behavior example: the pupil starts to flicker when exposed to direct sunlight. If the pupil does not flicker, the eye will be more exposed to sun rays, which may lead to blindness Respondent Conditioning The principle of respondent conditioning states that if a neutral stimulus is followed closely in time by an unconditioned stimulus which elicits an unconditioned response then the previously neutral stimulus will also tend to elicit the response in the future Operant Conditioning Reinforcing consequences immediately following the response increases it's future likelihood: aversive consequences immediately following the response decrease it's future likelihood -OC occurs automatically -Immediate consequences has the greatest effect -Consequences only effect future behavior -Consequences select any behavior that has preceded them Reinforcement and Punishment Pos. & Neg. Effect and Operation Effect: Did the behavior increase? Operation: A consequence is delivered Unconditioned Stimulus produces an automatic, natural reaction Unconditioned Response behavior that occurs naturally due to a given stimulus Unconditioned Reinforcers -Food -Water -Sexual Stimulation Unconditioned Punishers Stimulus (light, sound, temp.) which is intensified enough that's it's delivery will decrease or decrease fully behavior Reinforcers What can effect reinforcement Satiation: To satisfy fully Deprivation: To lack necessities Conditioned Response an automatic response established by training to an ordinarily neutral stimulus Conditioned Reflexes -Produced by respondent conditioning. -Stimulus-Stimulus pairing procedure in which a neutral stimulus is presented with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus elicits the conditioned response Indirect Assessment -Interviews and checklists are considered indirect methods because they gain info from recollections, reconstructions, or subjective ratings of events Direct Assessment -Direct observation and tests are considered direct assessment because they observe behavior as it happens -Preferable to indirect methods -Interviews may be considered direct when interviewing the target individual with a focus on their verbal behavior Reactive Effects of Direct Assessment: REACTIVITY -Effects of the assessment procedure on the behavior being assessed -Reactive effects are usually temporary -Most likely when the observer is obtrusive -Self-monitoring usually effects the concerned behavior Ecological Assessment *Recognizes the interactions of environment and behavior *Information gathered about the person and the environment they are in -Physiological and physical aspects of the environment may affect behavior Direct Observation *Preferred method for determining behaviors to target *A basic form of continuous observation -Anecdotal or ABC recording: Record only actions that are seen or heard -Be aware that observation can change behavior *Use of a form increases consistency of the sequence of behavior -Gives an overall description of behavior -Time devoted to this method: 20-30 min. Checklists Provides descriptions of specific behaviors Antecedent environmental events that occasion behavior. Something that happens before behavior Behavior everything we do! based upon our environment observable activity Consequence events that follow behavior